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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

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Source: https://code.google.com/p/google-security-research/issues/detail?id=368&can=1

We have encountered a number of Windows kernel crashes in the win32k!itrp_IUP function (a handler of the IUP[] TTF program instruction) while processing corrupted TTF font files, such as:

---
PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA (50)
Invalid system memory was referenced.  This cannot be protected by try-except,
it must be protected by a Probe.  Typically the address is just plain bad or it
is pointing at freed memory.
Arguments:
Arg1: ff6895b8, memory referenced.
Arg2: 00000001, value 0 = read operation, 1 = write operation.
Arg3: 91f4a4f1, If non-zero, the instruction address which referenced the bad memory
	address.
Arg4: 00000000, (reserved)

[...]

FAULTING_IP: 
win32k!itrp_IUP+2fb
91f4a4f1 8904b2          mov     dword ptr [edx+esi*4],eax

MM_INTERNAL_CODE:  0

DEFAULT_BUCKET_ID:  VISTA_DRIVER_FAULT

BUGCHECK_STR:  0x50

PROCESS_NAME:  csrss.exe

CURRENT_IRQL:  0

LAST_CONTROL_TRANSFER:  from 91f4bc79 to 91f4a4f1

STACK_TEXT:  
8adcf3b8 91f4bc79 00000001 91f517d3 00000000 win32k!itrp_IUP+0x2fb
8adcf3c0 91f517d3 00000000 ff64eb28 00b61838 win32k!itrp_InnerExecute+0x38
8adcf3f8 91f4bc79 ff64eb28 91f4f088 ff64ebbc win32k!itrp_CALL+0x23b
8adcf400 91f4f088 ff64ebbc ff64eb84 ff64f95c win32k!itrp_InnerExecute+0x38
8adcf480 91f53234 00b61804 00b61838 ff64eb28 win32k!itrp_Execute+0x2b2
8adcf4a8 91f529dc 00b61804 00b61838 ff64eb28 win32k!itrp_ExecuteGlyphPgm+0x4a
8adcf4dc 91f51e5e ff64a570 00000001 00000000 win32k!fsg_SimpleInnerGridFit+0x102
8adcf574 91f5238c ff64a250 ff64b73c ff64eb28 win32k!fsg_ExecuteGlyph+0x1ce
8adcf5d0 91f52202 ff64a250 ff64eb28 ff64b6b4 win32k!fsg_CreateGlyphData+0xea
8adcf610 91f4f419 ff64a250 ff64eb28 ff64a2c4 win32k!fsg_GridFit+0x4d
8adcf688 91f5906c 00000001 8adcf6a4 91f58fc3 win32k!fs__Contour+0x287
8adcf694 91f58fc3 ff64a010 ff64a07c 8adcf6c0 win32k!fs_ContourGridFit+0x12
8adcf6a4 91f5991f ff64a010 ff64a07c 00000027 win32k!fs_NewContourGridFit+0x10
8adcf6c0 91f59960 fb8b0e78 00000027 8adcf6fc win32k!bGetGlyphOutline+0xd7
8adcf6e8 91f59b59 fb8b0e78 00000027 00000001 win32k!bGetGlyphMetrics+0x20
8adcf82c 91f4ec63 fb8b0e78 00000027 8adcf918 win32k!lGetGlyphBitmap+0x2b
8adcf850 91f4eab6 00000000 00000001 00000027 win32k!ttfdQueryFontData+0x158
8adcf8a0 91f4dce2 ff7af010 fba32cf0 00000001 win32k!ttfdSemQueryFontData+0x45
8adcf8e8 91f53774 ff7af010 fba32cf0 00000001 win32k!PDEVOBJ::QueryFontData+0x3e
8adcf960 91fcbc8d 8adcfc3c fb87ec00 ff6470cc win32k!xInsertMetricsPlusRFONTOBJ+0x120
8adcf990 91f4594d 0000000a ff7bf000 8adcfcd0 win32k!RFONTOBJ::bGetGlyphMetricsPlus+0x179
8adcf9c8 91fcb78b 8adcfc1c 8adcfc3c 00000008 win32k!ESTROBJ::vCharPos_H3+0xf0
8adcfa0c 91f455d0 8adcfcd0 0000000a 8adcfc1c win32k!ESTROBJ::vInit+0x268
8adcfc2c 91f45793 00000000 8adcfcd0 fba32cf0 win32k!GreGetTextExtentExW+0x12a
8adcfd0c 82657896 0801016f 02d90bac 0000000a win32k!NtGdiGetTextExtentExW+0x141
8adcfd0c 77b370f4 0801016f 02d90bac 0000000a nt!KiSystemServicePostCall
WARNING: Frame IP not in any known module. Following frames may be wrong.
0021f6c4 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0x77b370f4
---

Depending on the malformed font file, the crashes occur at various locations in the win32k!itrp_IUP function, such as:

win32k!itrp_IUP+141: test    [esi+edx], cl
win32k!itrp_IUP+173: test    [eax+edx], cl
win32k!itrp_IUP+17b: mov     eax, [ecx+ebx*4]
win32k!itrp_IUP+184: mov     ecx, [ecx]
win32k!itrp_IUP+213: mov     eax, [ebx]
win32k!itrp_IUP+2c9: mov     eax, [eax+esi*4]
win32k!itrp_IUP+2fb: mov     [edx+esi*4], eax
win32k!itrp_IUP+317: add     [eax+esi*4], edx

This is caused by the fact that the function operates (reads from and writes to) on memory well beyond of the dynamically allocated buffers, leading to a pool-based buffer overflow of controlled size and content, consequently allowing for remote code execution in the context of the Windows kernel.

It appears that the culprit of the vulnerability is the lack of handling of a corner case explicitly mentioned in the "The TrueType Instruction Set, Part 2" specification [1]:

"This instruction operates on points in the glyph zone pointed to by zp2. This zone should almost always be zone 1. Applying IUP to zone 0 is an error."

Every testcase we have examined contains an SZP2[] instruction ("Set Zone Pointer 2") with a 0 argument followed by the IUP[] instruction later on in the TTF program. The faulty instruction stream has the same outcome regardless of its location (i.e. font pre-program, glyph program etc.).

The issue reproduces on Windows 7 and 8.1. It is easiest to reproduce with Special Pools enabled for win32k.sys (leading to an immediate crash when the bug is triggered), but it is also possible to observe a crash on a default Windows installation in the form of a crash in win32k!itrp_IUP or another location in kernel space, as caused by the corrupted pool state, depending on the specific testcase used.

Attached is an archive with eight sample files, each crashing at a different location in the win32k!itrp_IUP function on Windows 7 32-bit, together with corresponding kernel crash logs.

Proof of Concept:
https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb-bin-sploits/-/raw/main/bin-sploits/37919.zip