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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

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Source: https://cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2016110046

iOS 10.1.x Remote memory corruption through certificate file
Credit: Maksymilian Arciemowicz from https://cxsecurity.com

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0. Short description
Special crafted certificate file may lead to memory corruption of several processes and the vector attack may be through Mobile Safari or Mail app. Attacker may control the overflow through the certificate length in OCSP field

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1. Possible vectors of attack
- Apple Mail (double click on certificate)
- Safari Mobile ( go to special crafted link eg https://cert.cx/appleios10/700k.php which will redirect you to CRT file )
- other unspecified

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2. Symptoms of memory overflow
By appropriate length of the certificate, an attacker can trigger crash of:
- profiled
- Preferences
- other unexpected behaviors

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3. Crash log:
- profiled
---------------------------------------------------------------
{"app_name":"profiled","app_version":"","bug_type":"109","timestamp":"2016-09-20 09:15:09.85 +0200","os_version":"iPhone OS 10.0.1 (14A403)","incident_id":"XXXXXXXXXXXXXX","slice_uuid":"XXXXXXXXXXXXXX","build_version":"","is_first_party":true,"share_with_app_devs":false,"name":"profiled"}
Incident Identifier: XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
CrashReporter Key: XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Hardware Model: iPhone6,2
Process: profiled [1595]
Path: /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/ManagedConfiguration.framework/Support/profiled
Identifier: profiled
Version: ???
Code Type: ARM-64 (Native)
Role: Unspecified
Parent Process: launchd [1]
Coalition: <none> [253]


Date/Time: 2016-09-20 09:15:09.7892 +0200
Launch Time: 2016-09-20 09:15:01.1603 +0200
OS Version: iPhone OS 10.0.1 (14A403)
Report Version: 104

Exception Type: EXC_BAD_ACCESS (SIGSEGV)
Exception Subtype: KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS at 0x000000016e193ca0
Termination Signal: Segmentation fault: 11
Termination Reason: Namespace SIGNAL, Code 0xb
Terminating Process: exc handler [0]
Triggered by Thread: 2

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- Preferences
---------------------------------------------------------------
{"app_name":"Preferences","timestamp":"2016-09-20 01:11:44.56 +0200","app_version":"1","slice_uuid":"XXXXXXXXXXX","adam_id":0,"build_version":"1.0","bundleID":"com.apple.Preferences","share_with_app_devs":false,"is_first_party":true,"bug_type":"109","os_version":"iPhone OS 10.0.1 (14A403)","incident_id":"XXXXXXXXXXX","name":"Preferences"}
Incident Identifier: XXXXXXXXXXX
CrashReporter Key: XXXXXXXXXXX
Hardware Model: iPhone6,2
Process: Preferences [1517]
Path: /Applications/Preferences.app/Preferences
Identifier: com.apple.Preferences
Version: 1.0 (1)
Code Type: ARM-64 (Native)
Role: Foreground
Parent Process: launchd [1]
Coalition: com.apple.Preferences [754]


Date/Time: 2016-09-20 01:11:43.4478 +0200
Launch Time: 2016-09-20 01:10:54.3002 +0200
OS Version: iPhone OS 10.0.1 (14A403)
Report Version: 104

Exception Type: EXC_BAD_ACCESS (SIGSEGV)
Exception Subtype: KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS at 0x000000016fc6df90
Termination Signal: Segmentation fault: 11
Termination Reason: Namespace SIGNAL, Code 0xb
Terminating Process: exc handler [0]
Triggered by Thread: 0
---------------------------------------------------------------


Logs:
==============================
Sep 20 20:17:02 xscxsc com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDevice.27D...8F.launchd_sim[1905] (com.apple.managedconfiguration.profiled[3085]): Service exited due to signal: Segmentation fault: 11
Sep 20 20:17:02 xscxsc MobileSafari[2870]: (Error) MC: Queue data for acceptance error. Error: NSError:
Desc : Couldn’t communicate with a helper application.
Sugg : Try your operation again. If that fails, quit and relaunch the application and try again.
Domain : NSCocoaErrorDomain
Code : 4097
Extra info:
{
NSDebugDescription = "connection to service named com.apple.managedconfiguration.profiled";
}
Sep 20 20:17:02 xscxsc profiled[3133]: (Note ) profiled: Service starting...
==============================

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4. PoC
https://cert.cx/appleios10/300k.php
https://cert.cx/appleios10/500k.php
https://cert.cx/appleios10/700k.php
https://cert.cx/appleios10/900k.php

or https://cert.cx/appleios10/expl.html

just click on this link by using Safari. 

EDB Proofs of Concept Mirror:
https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb-bin-sploits/-/raw/main/bin-sploits/40906.zip

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5. Safari and sandbox
How is possible that safari don't ask user before run 'Preferences' app to start process of importing certificate? Safari automatically start new process without asking user for acceptance of this operation what can be exploited through http redirect to untrusted content.

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6. References
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/44.html
https://cert.cx/
https://cxsecurity.com/

Best Regards/Pozdrowienia/С наилучшими пожеланиями
Maksymilian Arciemowicz

References:

https://support.apple.com/HT207422
https://support.apple.com/HT207425
https://support.apple.com/HT207426
https://cert.cx/appleios10/300k.php
https://cert.cx/appleios10/500k.php
https://cert.cx/appleios10/700k.php
https://cert.cx/appleios10/900k.php
https://cert.cx/appleios10/expl.html
https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/44.html